生物化学和分子生物学名词中英文对照表

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1、分子生物学adenine(A)腺嘌呤base碱基guanine(G)鸟嘌呤nudeotide核苷酸cytosine(C)胞嘧啶nucleoside核苷uracil(U)尿嘧啶thymine(T)胸腺嘧啶basepair碱基对phosphodiesterlinkage磷酸二酯键nucleosome核小体ribosome核糖体ribosomalRNA(rRNA)核糖体RNAtransferRNA(tRNA)转运RNAmessengerRNA(mRNA)信使RNAnuclease核酸酶salvagepathway补救合成d

2、enovosynthesis从头合成uricacid尿酸inosine肌苷thecentraldogma中心法则semiconservativereplication半保留复制DNAdependentDNApolymerase依赖DNA的DNA聚合酶mitochondriaDNA线粒体DNAexonuclease核酸外切酶incorporation掺入helicase解螺旋酶DNAtopoisomeraseDNA拓扑异构酶singlestrandedDNAbindingprotein单链DNA结合蛋白gyrase旋转

3、酶primosome引发体primase引物酶DNAligaseDNA连接酶origin起始点bidirectionalreplication双向复制replicon复制子leadingstrand领头链laggingstrand随从链Okazakifragment冈崎片段rollingcirclereplication滚环复制telomerase端粒酶mutation突变dimer二聚体mismatch错配excissionrepairing切除修复recombinationrepairing重组修复reverse

4、transcriptase逆转录酶integration整合ribozyme核酶DNAdependentRNApolymerase依赖DNA的RNA聚合酶codingstrand编码链templatestrand模板链coreenzyme核心酶holoenzyme全酶operon操纵子promoter启动子PribnowboxPribnow盒transactingfactor反式作用因子transcriptionalfactor转录因子sternloop茎环hairpin发夹primarytranscripts初级转

5、录产物post-transcriptionalmodification转录后修饰hetero-nuclearRNAhnRNAsmallnuclearRNAsnRNAsplitgene断裂基因exon外显子intron内含子selfsplicing自我剪接translation翻译codon密码子initiationcodon起始密码terminationcodon终止密码code密码ribozymecycle核糖体循环adaptor转换器post-translationalprocessing翻译后加工interfe

6、ron干扰素antibiotics抗生素anticodon反密码子releasingfactor释放因子wobblepairing摇摆配对degeneracy简并性signalpeptide信号肽secretoryprotein分泌性蛋白质elongationfactor延长因子streptomycin链霉素tetracycline四环素chloromycetin氯霉素puromycin嘌呤霉素cycloheximide防线菌酮promoter启动子lacoperon乳糖操纵子temporalspecificity时

7、间特异性spatialspecificity空间特异性housekeepinggene管家基因constitutiveexpression组成性基因表达induction诱导repression阻遏operator操纵序列cis-actingelement顺式作用元件trans-actingfactor反式作用因子repressor阻遏物activator激活物catabolitegeneactivationproteinCAP分解代谢物基因激活蛋白attenuation转录衰减attenuator衰减子enhanc

8、e增强子generaltranscriptionfactor基本转录因子zincfinger锌指transformation转化transfection转染transduction转导transposition转座transposon转座子recombination重组homologousrecombination同源重组clone克隆clon