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1、JackLondon(1876-1916)BiographyLiterarycareerMajorworksWritingstyle&ThemeSignificanceTheSeaWolfJackLondon’sLifeHewasborninSanFranciscoonJanuary12,1876,theillegitimatesonofaself-taughtmanandaneccentricwoman.HetookthelastnameofhisstepfatherandwascalledJohnG
2、riffithLondon.Attheageof13,hetookajobinacannery,andattheageof15hewasthecaptainofanoysterpirateboat.Helivedonthefringesofsocietyuntilhewasseventeen.In1893hebecameasailor.Forthenextfouryearsheworkedhiswayaroundtheworld.Determinedtogetaneducation,hewenttohi
3、ghschoolattheageofnineteen,enteredpreparatoryschool,andthenspendasemesterasaspecialstudentattheUniversityofCaliforniain1896.Londonhadtodropoutafterafewmonthstomakemoneyforthefamily.Buthereadextensivelybyhimself.HeasatrampandparticipationintheKlondikegold
4、rush（淘金热）in1897.Hefailedtofindgold,buttheexperiencebecamearichsourceforhisliterarycreationlater.In1916heresignedfromtheSocialistPartybecausehecouldnotresolvethetensionexemplifiedinhisfiction.Hediedofuraemia(尿毒症)onNovember22.Newsboy报童(at10)↓Oysterpirate(1
5、6)↓Ahardlaborer(muscleseller)↓Atramp流浪者,beggar(at18)Aknowledgepursuer↓Asuccessfulwriter↓Arancher(大农场主)ThePeopleoftheAbyss(1903)深渊中的人们Loveoflife热爱生命TheCalloftheWild(1903)野性的呼唤TheSeaWolf(1904)海狼WhiteFang(1906)白牙TheIronHeel(1908)铁蹄MartinEden(1909)马丁.伊登TheVa
6、lleyoftheMoon(1912)月谷TheStarRover(1915)星游人TheLittleLadyoftheBigHouse(1916)大屋里的小妇人HisMajorWorksWritingStyleForcefulandcolorfulSubjectivityandenthusiasmNaturalismmingledwithRomanticismLimitations:formless,clumsyyetvigorousstyle;stiffandstereotypedcharacter
7、sanddialoguesThemeofJackLondon’sWorksInfluencedbyMarxismandDarwinism,andalsobyNietzsche’s(尼采)viewofsuperman,Londonbelievedbothinthesuccessoftheworkingclassandinthetriumphofthestrongestindividuals.Primitiveviolence,Anglo-Saxonsupremacy,biologicalevolution
8、,classwarfare,andmechanisticdeterminism.StrongandweakindividualsinthecontextofirresistiblenaturalforcessuchastheseaorthedesertSignificanceBreakingthroughsomeforbiddenareainliterature(violence,death,sexetc.)Greatlyinfluenci
