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ID:20833974
大小:305.50 KB
页数:43页
时间:2018-10-16
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1、Chapter2OverviewoftheOperationsResearchModelingApproachTheusualphasesofanORstudyisthefollowing:Definetheproblemofinterestandgatherrelevantdata.Formulateamathematicalmodeltorepresenttheproblem.Developacomputer-basedprocedureforderivingsolutionstotheproblemfromthemodel.Testthemodeland
2、refineitasneeded.Preparefortheongoingapplicationofthemodelasprescribedbymanagement.Implement2.1DefiningtheProblemandGatheringDataMostpracticalproblemsaredescribedinavague,impreciseway.WemustdetermineTheappropriateobjectivesconstraintsinterrelationshipsoftheorganizationpossiblealtern
3、ativecoursesofactiontimelimits…...ProblemdefinitionHowtoascertainappropriateobjectivesIdentifythemembersofmanagementwhoactuallywillbemakingthedecisionsandprobeintothisindividual’sthinkingregardingthepertinentobjectives.Concernwiththeentireorganizationratherthanthatofonlycertainofits
4、componentsForExample:Forprofit-makingorganizations:theobjectivemaybe:Inactualpractice,anumberofU.S.Corporationstendstoadoptthegoalofsatisfiedprofits,combinewithotherobjectives.Butprofitmaximization.What?Theowners(stockholder,etc.):desireprofitsTheemployees:desiresteadyemploymentatre
5、asonablewagesThecustomers:areliableproductatareasonablepriceThesuppliers:integrityandareasonablesellingpricefortheirgoodsThegovernmentandthenation:paymentoffairtaxesandconsiderationofthenationalinterestThebusinessfirm:satisfiedprofitsGatheringRelevantDataabouttheProblemBecause:togai
6、nanaccurateunderstandingoftheproblemtoprovidetheneededinputforthemathematicalmodelToinstallacomputer-basedmanagementinformationsystemtocollectthenecessarydataonanongoingbasisandintheneededform.Toenlisttheassistanceofindividualsintheorganizationtotrackdownallthevitaldata.Tospendconsi
7、derabletimetoimprovetheprecisionofthedata.Why?HowDiscussion1:AnORstudydonefortheSanFranciscoPoliceDepartment,resultedinthedevelopmentofacomputerizedsystemforoptimallyschedulinganddeployingpolicepatrolofficers.Thenewsystemprovidedannualsavingsof$11million,anannual$3millionincreaseint
8、rafficcitationreven
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