(在机会成本递增的情况下

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1、CHAPTER2Appendix：ExtendtheRicardo’sModel2002版ExtendtheRicardo’sModel一、ReviewtheAssumptionsofRicardo’sModel二、LoosethoseassumptionsandseewhatwillhappentoRicardo’smodel三、Summary四、ReferenceBooks五、Exercise2002版ReviewtheAssumptionsOneinput:Labor(L)Twooutputs&TwocountriesCostsareconsta

2、ntandtherearenoeconomiesofscale.Factorsofproductionareperfectlymobile.Goodsareidentical.Perfectknowledge.Notransportcosts.Notariffsorothertradebarriers2002版LoosetheAssumptions(1)OneinputTwoormoreinputsH-OModelSpecificFactorModelTalkaboutitinchapter3&42002版LoosetheAssumptions(2)Twoou

3、tputs&TwocountriesRicardoModelwithManyGoodsorManyCountriesRicardo’smodelnoessentialchange2002版LoosetheAssumptions(3)CostsareconstantIncreasingopportunitycostsordecreasingreturnstoscaleQCQFPPCQCQFPPC2002版InternationalTradeunderIncreasingOpportunityCostAutarkyThePattenofProductionandT

4、radeComparisonConclusion2002版AutarkyHomeForeign2002版ThePattenofProductionandTradeHomeE0’ForeignE0’2002版ComparisonHomeE0’HomeE0’ConstantCostIncreasingOpportunityCostsummary2002版ConclusionTheprincipleofcomparativeadvantageisstilleffectiveundertheincreasingopportunitycost.However,pures

5、pecializationisimpossible.(在机会成本递增的情况下，两国仍然按照比较优势原则进行贸易；但此时，两国只能进行不完全分工）。2002版LoosetheAssumptions(4)NoeconomiesofscaleEconomics-of-scaleandimperfectcompetitionmodelTalkaboutitinchapter62002版LoosetheAssumptions(5)FactorsofproductionareperfectlymobileFactorsofproductioncan’tmovefreely

6、amongsectorsTransferCostsIndustryObstructIncreasingtheproductioncostsofexportReducethevolumeofinternationaltrade2002版LoosetheAssumptions(6)GoodsareidenticalGoodsareidiosyncraticIntra-sectorTradeTalkaboutitinchapter62002版LoosetheAssumptions(7)PerfectknowledgeImperfectknowledgeMoredif

7、ficulttofindtherightgoodsandreachcontractionsReducethevolumeofinternationaltrade2002版LoosetheAssumptions(8)NotransportcoststransportcostsNon-tradedGoodsReducethevolumeofinternationaltrade2002版LoosetheAssumptions(9)NotariffsorothertradebarriersTradeBarriersIncreasingtheTransactionCos

8、tsReducethevolumeof