国际经济与贸易常考简答题(全英)

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1、国际经济与贸易常考简答题1.Describingthechangesofthefactorintensityduringtheproductcycle.P93-P95描述产品周期过程中要素密集度的改变（科学知识密集-资本密集-劳动力密集）Productcycletheorysuggeststhatthetechnologicaldevelopmentofanewproductgenerallyhasthreestages:newproductphase,growthphase,standardizationphase.Inthef

2、irststage,thenewproductisactuallyaknowledge-intensiveproduct.Inthesecondstage,changesintoacapital-intensiveproduct.Thethirdstage,changesintoalabor-intensiveproduct.2.WhataresomepossibleexplanationsoftheParadox?P69-P71对里昂惕夫之谜的各种解释①DuetothehighefficiencyofAmericanworker

3、s由于美国工人效率高所致②DuetotherichhumancapitalofU.S.由于美国人力资本丰富所致③DuetothenaturalresourcesofU.S.由于美国自然资源所致④DuetotheFactorintensityreversal由于生产要素密集型逆转所致⑤DuetothetradepoliciesofU.S.由于美国贸易政策所致⑥Duetothedemandreversal由于需求逆转所致3.Whatdynamicbenefitsarethenationsformingacustomsunionlike

4、lytoreceive?P202关税联盟对成员国的动态效应①Theincreasedcompetitionthatislikelytoresult有利于加强竞争②Economiesoflarge-scaleproduction可带来规模经济效益③Stimulustoinvestment有利于激励投资4.Summarizedthereasonsfortradeprotectionism.贸易保护主义的原因①Protecttheinfantindustry保护幼稚产业②Improvethetermsoftrade改善贸易条件③Stre

5、ngthennationaldefense为国防和保障国家安全④Correct“domesticdistortion”纠正国内市场“扭曲”⑤Increasegovernmentrevenue增加政府收入⑥Shareforeigner’smonopolisticprofits分享国外垄断利润⑦Enhancethepowertoretaliateandnegotiate作为报复或谈判手段的观点5.Theconceptandconditionsnecessaryforimmiserizinggrowth.贫困化增长的概念和产生条件Con

6、cept:Thesituationwhereanation’stermsoftradedeterioratesomuchasaresultofgrowththatthenationisworseoffaftergrowththanbefore,evenifgrowthwithouttradetendstoimprovethenation’swelfare.Thefollowingconditionsarenecessaryinorderforimmiserizinggrowthtooccur:①thecountry’sgrowth

7、mustbebiasedtowardtheexportsector;该国生产能力的增长主要集中在出口商品生产部门①theforeigndemandforthecountry’sexportmustbepriceinelastic;国际市场对此种商品的需求弹性较低③Thecountry'smerchandiseexportsaccountforalargeshareofworldmarkets该国的商品出口在世界市场上占有较大份额6.H-Otheory:causeandconclusion.Cause:H-Otheorystarte

8、dondoubtingthetradetheoryofAdamSmithandRicardo.Heckschersuggestedthatinadditiontotechnicaldifferences,theremustbeotherfactor