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时间:2018-10-16
《英语说明文的写作方法(二)》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
1、英语说明文的写作方法(二) 定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法,特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是: 被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语 可以看出,定义句中限制性定语越详细,定义就越精确,比如: Abatisasmallmouse-likeanimalthatfliesatnightandfeedsonfruitandinsectsbutisnotabird. 其实,在英—英词典中,对英语单词的英文解释就是定义法的典型例子。比如,看看Longman词典对studen
2、t和teacher的定义是很有意思的:Astudentisapersonwhoisstudyingataplaceofeducationortraining.Ateacherisapersonwhogivesknowledgeorskilltosb.asaprofession。 顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平,用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义,用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。 下面这篇学生作文就是用顺序法写成的:Coal Coalunderwentmanych
3、angesbeforeitbecamethebright,brittle,blacksubstancewhichwenowuse.Duringancienttimes,whentheearthenjoyedaverywarmandwetclimate,thelandwascoveredwithlargeforestsandbigplants.Astimewenton,thegroundchangedandbegantosinkalittle.Theseverylargenumbersoftreesandvegetablesreceived
4、adepositofsandandclay.Thislayerofsandandclaypresseduponthelayerbeneathandpreventeditfromcontactwithair.Thesetreesandplantsreceivedthepressureandchangeditsappearance. Generationsaftergenerations,asthegroundkeptgraduallysinking,anotherlayerofsandandclaywasagaindepositedabo
5、vethelayersalreadyformed.Agreatpressurewasthusexertedandthepeatwaschangedintotheblackandbrittlesubstancewhichisknownascoal. Coalisakindofmineralwhichisformedbynatureasabovestated.Itisanimportantindustrialmaterialandischieflyusedasfuel.Itisveryvaluableintheindustrialworld
6、.Theplacewherecoaldepositiscalledacoalmine。InChina,coalminesarelargelyfoundinthenorth-westpartofthecountry.Shanxiisafamousprovinceforproducingcoal.IthasthemostcoalofChina. 分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法。比如:著名的英国哲学家弗朗西斯·培根在其脍炙人口的《谈读书》一文中就用到了分类法: Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobe
7、swallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested,thatis,somebooksaretobereadonlyinparts,otherstoberead,butnotcuriously,andsomefewtobereadwholly,andwithdiligenceandattention.Somebooksalsomaybereadbydeputy,andextractsmadeofthembyothers;butthatwouldbeonlyinthelessimportantarguments
8、,andthemeanersortofbooks… 参考译文:书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之,有只须读其部分者,有只须大体涉猎者,少数则须全读,读时须全神贯注,孜孜不倦。
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