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ID:20517968
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页数:52页
时间:2018-10-13
《贡斯当自由主义思想探析》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、的最佳政制方案。关键词:大革命;人民主权;现代人的自由;代议制2AbstractBenjaminConstantplaysanimportantroleintheideologyofwesternliberalism.HistheoryofliberalisminheritsfromJohnLockeandMontesquieu’straditionalthoughtdirectly,withadistinctcharacteristicofBritishliberalism.TheideologicalcharacteristicsofConstantarediffere
2、ntfromtheFrenchtraditionofrationalism,butreflectatendencyofprudentempiricist.ThesecharacteristicsareassociatedwiththebackgroundwhichConstantlivedin.TheoutbreakoftheFrenchRevolutionattheendoftheeighteenthCenturyisamajorevent,whichhadprofoundeffectsonthedevelopmentofhumanpoliticalcivilizatio
3、n.ThesocialeffectscausedbytherevolutionwereaccompaniedwiththethroughoutlifeofConstant,andledtohisdeepreflectiononit.TheexperienceofthefailureoftheGreatRevolutionprovethattherationalizationdisplaysincompetenceinresponsetothecollapseofpoliticaltraditionandtherestructureofpoliticalmode,andUto
4、pianismwouldresultinapainfuldisasterinpoliticalfieldinsteadofestablishingarationalorder.Therefore,Constantwasawarethatpeopleshouldn’ttakethispathofabstractrationalismtostudythepolitics,insteadoffindingthebasisofpoliticalsystemfromtherealityandthetradition.TheformationofConstant’sliberalide
5、ashasaninevitableconnectionwithhisprofoundreflectiononFrenchsocialhistory.HethinksthattheGreatRevolutionhadasuccessinthedestructionoftheoldsystemtopromotetheprogressofhumanpoliticalcivilization.However,Constantalsoaccusesitofviolatingtheoriginalpurposeoffreedomandgoingtowardtheoppositeoffr
6、eedominthesubsequentprocess.HehasanideaofthatthethinkersofEnlightenmentasRousseaushouldberesponsiblefor“Thetyrannyofthemajority”appearingintherevolutionbecauseofrevolutionarypoliticsguidedbytheirpoliticaltheory.Inhisview,thethoughtofRousseauexposedthedeeptheoreticalcrisisbehindtherevolutio
7、n;Rousseau’spoliticalmodelbecameanarch-criminalofhumanrightsabusesandinfringementoffreedomduringtherevolution.SoConstantcriticizedthetheoryofpeoplesovereigntycreatedbyRousseau.Inaddition,ConstantisalsoawareoftheriskofRousseau’sthoughtnotonlyreflectedinpolitica
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