抗生素簡介_1

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1、IntroductionforAntibioticsR3孔祥琪Lastrevised:July6,2003SectionofInfectiousDiseasesDepartmentofInternalMedicineNationalTaiwanUniversityHospital,Taipei臨床上常見的致病微生物BacteriaVirusesFungiMycobacteriumMycoplasmaProtozoa臨床上常見的致病菌AerobicGram-positivebacteriaGram-negativebacteriaAnaerobicG

2、ram-positivebacteriaGram-negativebacteriaAerobicGram-positivebacteriaCocciStaphylococcusspp.Streptococcusspp.Enterococcusspp.BacilliListeriaspp.Bacillusspp.StaphylococciCoagulase-positiveStaphylococcusaureusCoagulase-negativeStaphylococcusepidermidisStaphylococcussaprophyticusSt

3、aphylococcushaemolyticusMethicillin-resistantMRSAMRCNSMethicillin-sensitiveMSSAMSCNSStreptococci(1)ClassificationLancefield:basedontheantigeniccharacteristicsoftheoutermembraneBrown:typeofhemolysisClinical:combinesLancefield,Brown,diseaseproducingcharactersticsStreptococci(2)alp

4、hahemolysisincompletehemolysisS.viridansandS.pneumoniaebetahemolysiscompletehemolysisGroupAStrep=S.pyogenesGammahemolysisnonhemolyticSomeGroupDStrep.S.pyogenes(GroupA,ßhemolytic)PharyngitisImpetigoViridansgroup(alphahemolytic)EndocarditisS.pneumoniae(Pneumococcus)BacteremiaPneu

5、moniaMeningitisGram-positivebacilliBacilluscereusDiptheroidsCorynebacteriumdiptheriaeJKgroupCorynebacteriumListeriamonocytogenesAerobicGram-negativebacteriaBacilliEnterobacteriaceaeNFGNB:GlucoseNon-fermentativeGram-negativebacilliHaemophilusspecies(H.influenzae;H.parainfluenz

6、ae)LegionellapneumophiliaCocciNeisseriagonorrhoeae(gonococcus)Neisseriameningitidis(meningococcus)MoraxellacatarrhalisGram-negativebacteriaEnterobacteriaceaeE.coliKlebsiellaspp.Proteusspp.Salmonellaspp.Shigellaspp.Enterobacterspp.Citrobacterspp.Serratiaspp.Edwardsiellaspp.Yersin

7、iaspp.NFGNBPseudomonasaeruginosaAcinetobacterbaumanniiStenotrophomonasmaltophilia(Pseudomonasmaltophilia)Burkholderiacepacia(Pseudomonascepacia)AnaerobicbacteriaGram-positiveCocciStreptococcus,GemellaPeptococcus,PeptostreptocuccusBacilliClostridium(C.perfringes,C.tenani,C.diff

8、icile,C.botulinum)PropionibacteriumBifidobacte