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1、I1附录1外文翻译(原文)SystemsAnalysisandDesignWorkingundercontrolofastoredprogram,acomputerprocessesdataintoinformation.Thinkaboutthatdefinitionforaminute.Anygivencomputerapplicationinvolvesatleastthreecomponents:hardware,software,anddata.Merelywritingaprogramisn'tenough;becaus
2、etheprogramisbutonecomponentinasystem.Asystemisagroupofcomponentsthatworktogethertoaccomplishanobjective.Forexample,considerapayrollsystem.Itsobjectiveispayingemployees.Whatcomponentsareinvolved?Eachday，employeesrecordtheirhoursworkedontimecards.Attheendofeachweek,thet
3、imecardsarecollectedanddeliveredtothecomputercenter,wheretheyarereadintoapayrollprogram.Asitruns,theprogramaccessesdatafiles.Finally,thepaychecksareprintedanddistributed.Forthesystemtowork,people,procedures,inputandoutputmedia,files,hardware,andsoftwaremustbecarefullyc
4、oordinated.Notethattheprogramisbutonecomponentinasystem.Computer-basedsystemsaredevelopedbecausepeopleneedinformation.Thosepeople,calledusers,generallyknowwhatisrequired,butmaylacktheexpertisetoobtainit.Technicalprofessionals,suchasprogrammers,havetheexpertise,butmayla
5、cktrainingintheuser'sfield.Tocomplicatematters,usersandprogrammersoftenseemtospeakdifferentlanguages,leadingtocommunicationproblems.Asystemsanalystisaprofessionalwhotranslatesuserneedsintotechnicalterms,thusservingasabridgebetweenusersandtechnicalprofessionals.Likeanen
6、gineeroranarchitect,asystemsanalystsolvesproblemsbycombiningsolidtechnicalskillswithinsight,imagination,andatouchofart.Generally,theanalystfollowsawell-defined,methodicalprocessthatincludesatleastthefollowingsteps;1.Problemdefinition2.Analysis3.Design4.Implementation15
7、1.MaintenanceAttheendofeachstep,resultsaredocumentedandsharedwithboththeuserandtheprogrammers.Theideaistocatchandcorrecterrorsandmisunderstandingsasearlyaspossible.Perhapsthebestwaytoillustratetheprocessisthroughexample.Pictureasmallclothingstorethatpurchasesmerchandis
8、eatwholesale,displaysthisstock,andsellsittocustomersatretail.Ontheonehand,toomuchstockrepresentsanunnecessaryexpense.
