美国合同法违约救济之期待利益及其限制

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1、美国合同法违约救济之期待利益及其限制摘要：众所周知，美国合同法以保护合同当事方的期待利益为其首要目的；期待利益的计算，则采用“履行所需成本法”和“价值减损法”。同时合同纠纷的法律实践中，也逐步发展出了限制期待利益范围的数项原则，即可预见性原则、确定性原则和可避免之损失原则。本文通过对期待利益具体阐述及案例分析，瞥得美国合同法期待利益及其救济限制之一隅，揭示了美国合同法下的期待利益，仅仅为补偿性赔偿金而不带有任何惩罚性；而对期待利益的限制原则，则是为了确保了期待利益作为补偿性赔偿金的纯粹性。同时希冀对研究我国合同法“可得利益”保护的学者，本文能提供

2、参考价值。关键词：合同纠纷救济期待利益▲▲一、IntroductionWhilecontractsaretheveryfoundationofallcivilizedexistence,breachofcontractvirtuallyhauntseverycorneroftheworldthroughouthumanhistorydespitethefactthatanyviolationofacontractmaydeprivecertainpartiesinabrokendealoftheprofitsexpected.Thatiswher

3、etheremediesforbreachcamein，whichisintendedtoprotectthedamagedpartiesandtheirexpectationinterestbyrequestingtheperformanceofcontract,claimingformonetarydamagesandsoon.ThispaperistopresentasketchofwhatisexpectationinterestundertheAmericancontractlawanditslimitations，thusfurnis

4、hingsomereferencewhichmightcomeinhandywhereChinesescholarswanttostudytheUScontractlawindetail.▲▲二、ExpectationInterest（一）DefinitionExpectationinterestreferstotheextrainterestwhichanon-faultpartytoabreachedcontractwouldhavereceivedhadthecontractbeenperformed.（二）TheMeasurementof

5、ExpectationInterest1.GeneralPrinciplesItisnote-worthythatifthedefaulteventoccursbeforethevictimofcontactviolationtriestofulfillthecontractualobligationonhispart,thecostoftheunnecessaryexecutionofthecontractonthenon-faultpartshouldbesubtractedfromtheliquidateddamages,whichconf

6、ormstotheprincipleofcircumventingfurtheroravoidableloss.Thespecificwaysofcalculatingexpectationinterestareexpatiatedonasfollows.1.CostofCompletionWhenanyprojectorcontractisnotcompletedontime,thefurtheramountrequiredtofinishthetaskiscalledcostofcompletion.Acaseinpointisaboutan

7、engineeringconstructioncontract.Abuildingcontractorandtheproprietorsignedahousingconstructioncontractworth$700，000(includingthecostofmaterials).Thecontractorispaidbytheproprietoraccordingtotheconstructionprogress.Thecontractorrefusedorwasunabletocontinuethecontractafterhepart

8、iallyperformedthecontractandreceived$400，000fortheproject.Atthispoin