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1、Chapter4 cartilageandboneCartilage(软骨)Structure&FeaturesCartilage:Cartilagetissue+perichondriumCartilagetissue:Cells+matrix(fibers+g.s.)Theg.s.issolid.NoB.V.,lymphatics&nerves.(Itnourishedbydiffusion)3typesofcartilage:(basedonthetypeoffibers)hyalinecartilage(透明软骨)elasticcartila
2、ge(弹性软骨)fibrocartilage(纤维软骨)Function:supportconnectionslidingsurfaceforjoints1.HyalinecartilageLocation:embryonicskeleton,articularsurfaces,ribcartilage,larynx,tracheaetc.Structure:A.Groundsubstance(基质)HE:basophilic(morechondroitinsulphate)tracheaChemicalcompositionissimilartot
3、hatofL.C.T.(硫酸软骨素)Cartilagelacunae(软骨陷窝):matrixcavityCartilagecapsule(软骨囊)::onthesurfaceofthelacunae;strongbasophilic(硫酸软骨素较多)capLM:Peripheralchondrocytes:lessmature;small♭single;Centralchondrocytes:moremature;round;isogenousgroup(同源细胞群).EM:richinRER.r.,Mit.,developedGl.,G
4、lycogen&lipiddroplet.Function:synthesizef.&g.s.C.Chondrocytes(软骨细胞)Perichondrium(软骨膜):Densec.t.;Outerlayer:morecollagenousfibers;Innerlayer:moreb.v.&cells,osteoprogenitorcellschondroblastcells→chondrocytes→newcartilagetissue)Function:protection,nutrition,repairingE.Cartilagegro
5、wth®enerationInterstitialgrowth(内积性生长):Chondrocytes:increasethenumberofcells(mitosis)&theamountofmatrixfromwithinAppositionalgrowth(外加性生长)::chondroblastcellsinperichodriumproducenewlayerofcartilagetissuefromoutside2.Elasticcartilage(弹性软骨)Location:externalear;epiglottisetc.St
6、ructure:elasticfiber(dense&closelypacked)+chondrocytesFeature:moreelasticity&flexibility3.Fibrocartilage(纤维软骨)Location:intervertebraldisk;symphysispubis;endoftendonsetc.Structure:collagenousfiber(Alargenumber,inparallelbands),lessg.s.&chondrocytesBone(骨)1.Characteristics:boneti
7、ssue+medullarycavity&bonemarrow+periosteum&endosteumbonetissue=cells+bonematrix(fibers+calcifiedg.s.)hard&rigidsupport,protection,movement&forcalciumstorageOrganic(35%);inorganic(65%)Organicpart:collagenousfibers(90%)amorphousg.s.:GSG(HA,chondroitins.,keratins..)Glycoproteins:o
8、steocalcin(骨钙蛋白),osteonectin(骨粘连蛋白),osteopontin(骨桥蛋白).
