管理信息系统简答

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1、1.Explainwhyinformationsystemsaresoimportanttodayforbusinessandmanagement.Informationsystemsareafoundationforconductingbusinesstoday.Inmanyindustries,survivalandevenexistencewithoutextensiveuseofITisinconceivableandITplaysacriticalroleinincreasingproductivity.Al

2、thoughinformationtechnologyhasbecomemoreofacommodity,whencoupledwithcomplementarychangesinorganizationandmanagement,itcanprovidethefoundationfornewproducts,services,andwaysofconductingbusinessthatprovidefirmswithastrategicadvantage.Informationtechnologyhasbecome

3、thelargestcomponentofcapitalinvestmentforfirmsintheUnitedStatesandmanyindustrializedsocieties.2.Evaluatetheroleplayedbythemajortypesofsystemsinabusinessandtheirrelationshiptoeachother.Therearefourmajortypesofinformationsystemsincontemporaryorganizations.Operatio

4、nal-levelsystemsaretransactionprocessingsystems(TPS),suchaspayrollororderprocessing,thattracktheflowofthedailyroutinetransactionsthatarenecessarytoconductbusiness.Management-levelsystems(MISandDSS)providethemanagementcontrollevelwithreportsandaccesstotheorganiza

5、tion’scurrentperformanceandhistoricalrecords.Mostmanagementinformationsystems(MIS)reportscondenseinformationfromTPSandarenothighlyanalytical.Decision-supportsystems(DSS)supportmanagementdecisionswhenthesedecisionsareunique,rapidlychanging,andnotspecifiedeasilyin

6、advance.TheyhavemoreadvancedanalyticalmodelsanddataanalysiscapabilitiesthanMISandoftendrawoninformationfromexternalaswellasinternalsources.Executivesupportsystems(ESS)supportthestrategiclevelbyprovidingdataofgreatestimportancetoseniormanagementdecisionmakers,oft

7、enintheformofgraphsandchartsdeliveredviaportals.Theyhavelimitedanalyticalcapabilitiesbutcandrawonsophisticatedgraphicssoftwareandmanysourcesofinternalandexternalinformation.Thevarioustypesofsystemsintheorganizationexchangedatawithoneanother.TPSareamajorsourceofd

8、ataforothersystems,especiallyMISandDSS.ESSprimarilyreceivedatafromlower-levelsystems.Today’sbusinessenvironmentcallsformoreintegrationamongsystemsthaninthepast,butsuc