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1、FlavivirusXiao-KuiGUODept.ofMicrobiologyandParasitology人畜共患病毒性疾病ViralZoonosis人畜共患病脊椎动物(vertebrateanimals)所患疾病能通过昆虫媒介直接或间接传递给人类如果有昆虫参与,这个疾病也称为虫媒疾病(arboviral)如狂犬病、肾综合症出血热、流行性乙型脑炎和埃博拉出血热虫媒病毒(Arthropod-borneviruses,arboviruses)是通过节肢动物(arthropodvectors)传播的病毒The
2、WHOdefinitionisasfollowsViruses maintained innatureprincipally,ortoanimportantextent,throughbiologicaltransmissionbetweensusceptiblevertebrate hostsbyhaematophagusarthropodsorthroughtransovarianandpossiblyvenerealtransmissioninarthropods虫媒病毒种类虫媒病毒分属3个病毒科:T
3、ogaviruses(披膜病毒科)EEE,WEE,andVEEBunyaviruses(布尼亚病毒科)HaemorrhagicFeverSandflyFever,RiftValleyFever,Crimean-CongoFlaviviruses(黄病毒科)YellowFever,dengue,JapaneseEncephalitis在我国流行并经病毒分离证实的虫媒病有6种流行性乙型脑炎森林脑炎登革热基孔贡亚热肾综合征出血热新疆出血热PrevalenceinChinaScientistcollectingsp
4、ecimensfromtrappedrodentsCommoncharacteristics40~70nmindiameter,+ssRNAsphericalenvelopedHemophilicarthropodsasvector,andvirusesreplicateinarthropod5typeclinicalmanifestationsanddiseasesrelatedtoseasonanddistrict.MajorClinicalCategoriesofArboviralDiseaseNoc
5、linicalillness.Febrilesystemicillness.EncephalitisHaemorrhagicFever.HepatitisarthritisGenome黄病毒Flaviviruses登革病毒Dengueviruses流行性乙型脑炎病毒EpidemictypeBencephalitisvirus蜱传脑炎病毒Tick-borneencephalitisvirus黄病毒生物学特性球形,20~60nm,个别达100nm,有包膜,+ssRNA基因组,有感染性,只有一个读码框,编码一个大
6、前体蛋白,切割后分成结构和调节蛋白核心由C蛋白和RNA构成二十面体立称核衣壳,包膜上有病毒编码的M和E蛋白,其中E蛋白具有血凝素作用,能凝集鸡红细胞对酸、醚、氯仿敏感在节肢动物体内增殖,对节肢动物不致病,但通过叮咬传染给脊椎动物和人类,引起自然疫源性的人畜共患疾病:脑炎、黄热病和出血热等致病呈明显的季节性和地区性节肢动物媒介ArthropodVectorsMosquitoes(蚊)Japaneseencephalitis,dengue,yellowfever,St.Louisencephalitis,etc
7、.Ticks(蜱)Crimean-Congohaemorrhagicfever,varioustick-borneencephalitisetc.Sandflies(白蛉)Siciliansandflyfever,Riftvalleyfever.ArthropodVectorsAedesAegyti(伊蚊)AssortedTicks(蜱)PhlebotmineSandfly(吸血白蛉)CulexMosquito(库蚊)动物宿主(Reservoirs)Inmanycases,theactualreservoi
8、risnotknown.Thefollowinganimalsareimplicatedasreservoirs鸟Japaneseencephalitis,StLouisencephalitis猪Japaneseencephalitis猴YellowFever啮齿类动物RussianSpring-Summerencephalitis传播环节人–节肢动物–人Dengue动物–节肢动物–人JapaneseEnceph