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1、CANE,SUGARANDTHEENVIRONMENTMsMarianelaCordovésHerrera,Director,IndustrialPromotion,GEPLACEA.IntroductionInourworldtoday,andtoanever-increasingextentintheyearstocome,noproductsoldonthemarketcanbedevelopedwithouttakingintoconsiderationsitsimpactontheenvironment.Thisstatementisp
2、articularlyvalidforafoodproductsuchassugar,giventherisinginterestandexpansionofmarketsfornaturalandorganicproductsobtainedthroughprocedures,bothintheagriculturalandindustrialstages,inwhichtheuseofchemicalsanddamagetothelocalandglobalenvironmentareavoidedorreducedtoaminimum.Am
3、idstthetense,controversialdiscussionstakingplaceatpresentwithintheso-calledMillenniumRound,itsagriculturalnegotiationsandtheissueofwhethertoincludeenvironmentalmattersinthesetalks,canesugarproducershavemanyadvantagestoofferandargumentstoshowthesuperiorityofcaneasarawmaterialf
4、orfoodandenergyproduction;asopposedtootherrawmaterialsforsugarorsubstitutesweetenerproductionsuchascornandsugarbeets.Theaimofthispaperistoattempttopresentabriefsummaryofthepotentialofsugarcaneasregardstheenvironmentaswellastodiscussthecurrentstatusofenvironmentallegislationin
5、effectincountriesintheLatinAmericanandCaribbeanRegion. CaneAgricultureThevariouscanevarietiescultivatedforcommercialpurposesworld-widearespeciesorhybridsoftheSaccharumgenus,whichinturnbelongstothegrassfamily.Itsgeographicaloriginremainsacontroversialsubject,butingeneralitisac
6、knowledgedthatitoriginatedintheSouthPacificregion,JavaandNewGuinea,andsubsequentlyspreadoutfromthere.Oneoftheoutstandingfeaturesofsugarcaneis,amongothers,itsextraordinarycapacityforgrowth.Itisnotunusualtofindagriculturalyieldsexceeding100tonsperhectareannuallyoncommercialacre
7、ages.Itsgeneticpotentialismuchgreater.Whenvarietiesareselectedandagrotechnicalhandlingarecarriedon,withtheobjectiveofmaximizingbiomassproduction,itispossibletoobtainyieldsashighas300t/haandevenexceedingthisvolume.Theoreticalpotentialofupto400t/haisestimated.Thishighproductivi
8、tyrateistheresultofahighphotosyntheticefficiency,comparedtoothercomm
