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1、OSPF邻居关系不能正常的原因和解决方法1、接口上没有激活ospf就是在network语句的时候没有匹配清楚，比如配置了错误的反掩码不对，在showipospfinterface的时候不会显示你希望激活的接口使用showipospfinterface来验证这时候的邻居表是空的R2#showipospfneighborR2#2、物理层或者是数据链路层协议down.使用showipintbrief或者是showinttypenomber会导致ospfpacket封装失败。3、建立邻居的接口被passive掉R2#showipospfinterfaceEthernet0Ethernet0i
2、sup,lineprotocolisupInternetAddress131.108.1.2/24,Area0ProcessID1,RouterID131.108.1.2,NetworkTypeBROADCAST,Cost:10TransmitDelayis1sec,StateDR,Priority1DesignatedRouter(ID)131.108.1.2,Interfaceaddress131.108.1.2NobackupdesignatedrouteronthisnetworkTimerintervalsconfigured,Hello10,Dead40,Wait40,R
3、etransmit5NoHellos(Passiveinterface)NeighborCountis0,Adjacentneighborcountis0Suppresshellofor0neighbor(s)4、OSPF的hello组播地址被ACLBlockR1#interfaceEthernet0ipaddress131.108.1.1255.255.255.0ipaccess-group100in!access-list100permittcpanyanyaccess-list100permitudpanyanyaccess-list101permitip131.108.1.0
4、0.0.0.255host224.0.0.5R2#interfaceEthernet0ipaddress131.108.1.2255.255.255.0ipaccess-group100in!access-list100permittcpanyanyaccess-list100permitudpanyanyaccess-list101permitip131.108.1.00.0.0.255host224.0.0.5R2#debugippacket101detailIPpacketdebuggingison(detailed)foraccesslist101IP:s=131.108.1
5、.2(Ethernet0),d=224.0.0.5,len68,accessdenied,proto=89这时候的邻居关系是INITR2#showipospfneighborNeighborIDPriStateDeadTimeAddressInterface131.108.2.11INIT/-00:00:33131.108.1.1Ethernet0R1#showaccess-list101ExtendedIPaccesslist101permitip131.108.1.00.0.0.3host224.0.0.5(8matches)R1#debugippacket101detailIP
6、packetdebuggingison(detailed)foraccesslist101R1#IP:s=131.108.1.1(local),d=224.0.0.5(Ethernet0),len60,sendingbroad/multicast,proto=89IP:s=131.108.1.2(Ethernet0),d=224.0.0.5,len82,accessdenied,proto=89IP:s=131.108.1.1(local),d=224.0.0.5(Ethernet0),len60,sendingbroad/multicast,proto=89IP:s=131.108
7、.1.2(Ethernet0),d=224.0.0.5,len82,accessdenied,proto=895、在broadcast链路上的子网掩码不匹配6、Hello/dead间隔不匹配7、认证方式或者是认证密码不匹配使用debugipospfadj来查看,可以自己使用不同的情况来验证8、两台路由器处于不同的AREAR1#debugipospfadjOSPFadjacencyeventsdebuggingisonR1#OSPF:Rcvpktfrom13
