lesson 22 marine desalination plants

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1、WuhanInstituteofShipbuildingTechnologyPowerEngineeringDepartmentLuobinLesson22MarineDesalinationPlants第22课船用海水淡化装置Aconsiderableamountoffreshwaterisconsumedinaship.船上要消耗大量的淡水。Thecrewusesonaverageabout70liter/person/dayandinapassengership,consumptionca

2、nbeashighas225liter/person/day.船员平均每天每人需70L淡水，而在客船上，淡水的消耗可高达225L/人/天。Waterusedinthemachineryspacesasmakeupforcoolingsystemlossesmaybefreshordistilled（water）butdistilledwaterisessentialforsteamplantwherethereisawatertubeboiler.机舱用于为冷却系统损失而补给的淡水可以是新鲜的淡

3、水或蒸馏水，而对于水管锅炉的蒸汽装置来说，蒸馏水是必不可少的。Steamshipconsumptionforthepropulsionplantandhotelservicescanbeashighas50tones/day.蒸汽机船用于（动力）推进装置和客房服务的淡水消耗每天可高达50t。Itisnowcommonpracticetotakeononlyaminimalsupplyofpotablewater（饮用水）inportandtomakeuptherestbydistillation

4、（蒸馏）ofseawater.船舶现在普遍的做法是在港口加装极少量的饮用水，通过对海水的蒸馏来补给不足部分。Thesavedstoragecapacity（存储容量）forwater,isavailableforcargo（装货）andincreasestheearningpower（盈利能力）oftheship.省下的淡水存储容量，可用于装货，从而增加船舶的盈利能力。Avesselwhichcarriessufficientpotablewaterfornormalrequirementsis

5、required,ifocean-going,tocarrydistillationplantforemergencyuse.如果船舶行驶远洋的话，为正常需求而装载充足饮用水的船舶必需配备蒸馏装置以备应急使用。Thestateoftheart（技术水平）ofdistillingplantdesignhasevolved（发展）considerably.蒸馏装置设计的当前技术水平已经有了很大的发展。Avarietyofdistillingplantdesignshasbeendevelopedfr

6、omwhichthemostappropriatesystemforagivenmarinepowerplantcanbeselected.蒸馏装置设计的种类很多，对于给定的船用动力装置来说，最合适的系统都可从中选择。Thedesalinationplant（淡化装置）designsmostcommonlyconsideredformarineusecanbebroadly（大致地）classifiedasthoseusing:最常见的船用海水淡化装置设计大致分为如下几种：∙Flashevapo

7、rators（闪发式蒸发器）∙Spray-filmevaporators（喷膜式蒸发器）∙Submerged-tubeevaporators（潜管式蒸发器）∙Plate-typeevaporators（平板式蒸发器）∙Vapor-compressioncycles（蒸汽压缩循环式）∙Membraneprocesses（膜式）Flashevaporators闪发式蒸发器Themultistage（多级的）flashevaporatorwasarevolutionarydesigndevelopme

8、nt,becauseunlikesubmerged-tubeevaporators,whichhaveheatingsurfaces（受热面）submerged（浸没）inboiling（沸腾的）seawater,theflash-evaporatorconceptcausestheseawaterto"flash"intowatervapor;noboilingoccursontheheat-transfersurfaces.多级闪发式蒸发器是一革命性的技术设计，因为不像潜管式蒸发器，受热面浸