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1、BRUCELLOSIS1Introduction&HistoryBrucellosis:Diseaseofdomesticandwildanimals(zoonosis):Transmittabletohumans.Ithasdifferentnon-specificsymptomsandsigns“Nodisease,notexceptingtuberculosisandsyphilis,ismoreproteaninitsmanifestations”..(Simpson).Marston–SurgeonservingwithRoyalArtilleryduringCrime
2、anwar-reportedfirstaccuratedescriptionofhumanbrucellosis.1886,BruceisolatedMicrococcus(laterBrucella)Melitensisfromspleensofmaltafevervictims.2IntroductionandHistory(Cont’d.)Zamit–maltesephysician,identifiednativegoatsasinfectionreservoir,duringhisworkwithMediterraneanfevercommission1904-1907
3、.Healsoidentifiedfreshgoat’smilkasvehicleoftransmittingdiseasefromanimalstohumans.1895,Bang(DanishVeterinarian)identifiedBacillus(laterBrucella)abortusascauseofcontagiousabortionsincattle.Evans(Americanbacteriologist)recognizedrelationofMaltafeveragentandBang’sdisease3IntroductionandHistory(C
4、ont’d.)Genus–Bacillus,micrococcus,causingMaltafever,renamedBrucella,tohonorBruce.Traum,1914,isolatedBrucellaCanis,fromabortedKennel-breddogs.Carmichael,1966,isolatedBrucellaCanis,fromabortedKennel-breddogs.BrucellaovisfromsheepandBrucellaneotomaefromdesertwoodrats,addedtoBrucellaspecies,butto
5、datethesetwonotshowntocausehumaninfections.4IntroductionandHistory(cont’d.)1994,BritishandAmericanworkers,independ-ently,isolatedpreviuouslyunknownBrucellaorganismfromcarcassesofmarinemammalsandcetaceansonScotlandcoast,andfromdolphininCalifornia.Theseisolates-homogenouswithdistinctivemetaboli
6、c,sensitivitiestodye,phagesensitivity-tentativelynamedBrucellaMaris.5THEPATHOGENBrucellae:Small,GNcocobacilli,non-motile,non-sporeforming.Brucellaegrowaerobically.Somespp.Requiresupplementalcarbondioxideforprimaryisolation.Anyhigh-qualitypeptone-basedmediaenrichedwithbloodorserumserveforinvit
7、rocultivation.Isolationformclinicalspecimensrequireprolonged(≥30days)incubation.Brucellastrainsalwayscatalse-positive;butoxidaseandureaseandH2Sproductionvary.6ThePathogen(cont’d.)MajorBrucellaespeciesandtheirbiovarsdifferentiatedbyselectivein
