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1、非谓语动词与独立主格结构非谓语动词1.概念:是动词的非谓语形式,在句中不可单独作谓语,且不受主语人称和数的限制。一个完整的句子一般只有一个谓语动词,却可以有一个或多个非谓语动词,譬如:Afterwaitingsometimeatthebus-stop,aforeignerwearingablueshirtwentacrossthestreettobuyanewspaper.谓语动词只起动词的作用,非谓语动词却同时起两种作用,如,waiting:v+n;wearing:v+adj;tobuy:v+adv.谓语动词必须有主语,非谓语动词可以没有主
2、语,如,Swimmingisagoodsport./It’sgoodtowork.。2.类别:不定式,-ing分词,-ed分词一、不定式1.不定式做主语1)位于句首Toknowthebasicrulesisveryimportant.Toknoweverythingistoknownothing.2)由It作形式主语,系动词be或其他动词连接ItisagreatpleasuretointroduceMr.Hutoyou.Itisimportantforustotellthetruth.Ittookusfivedaystofinishtheta
3、sk.Itmademehappytofindyouthere.2.不定式做主语补语1)主语和补语都是不定式,一个表条件,一个表结果。Toseeistobelieve.Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.2)主语是以抽象名词,如:aim,mistake,ambition,duty,idea,intention,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组,或者是以what引导的名词性分句,后面的不定式说明名词的内容。Mymistakeistohavewrittenthelett
4、er.WhatIwouldsuggestistohanditintothepolice.注意:如果作主语的名词性分句中有“do”,作主语补足语的不定式中的to可以省略。Allyoudidwasputthebookinawrongplace.WhatIreallywanttodoisburntheoilallnight.TheleastIcandoismakeaconclusionaboutwhatallhavereported.Shecandoanythingbutdance.3.不定式作宾语1)只能带to的不定式作宾语的动词,如:affor
5、d,agree,aim,apply,claim,decide,determine,pretend,promise,seek,manage,offer,swear,threaten,desire,choose….2)动词+疑问词+不定式,这类动词有:decide,learn,remember,findout,think,understand…疑问词有:what,where,who,when,how,whether,which…Idon’tknow——whattodo/wheretogo/whentostop/howtogetthere/whic
6、honetotake.3)当做宾语的不定式有自己的补语时,先用it代替,并将不定式放在补语后面。Ithinkitimportanttotellhimthenews.Iregarditagreathonortohelpothers.4.不定式作宾补1)动词+宾语+不定式这类动词主要有:(1)表感官的,如:see,hear,feel,watch,notice,observe等,省去to.(注意:变为被动态时,要加上to)Ifeltsomeonecomebehindus.(2)表使役的,如:have,let,make,ask,allow,beg,d
7、rive,encourage,expect,urge,tell,permit….(3)表心理状态的,如:consider,believe,think,prove,know,feel,imagine,suppose….Weconsiderhim(tobe)modest.5.不定式作状语1)表目的Heusesatypewritertowriteletters.Inordertomakeastudyofthekangaroo,hecametoAustralia.Toconcealmyemotion,Iburiedmyfaceinmyhands.2)
8、表结果So…asto…,/such…asto…./,enoughto…./,onlyto…./.too…to等结构中的不定式表结果。Thehouseissohigh