航空发动机专业英语之空气动力学

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1、CHAPTER1IntroductiontoAeronauticsWhatisAeronautics?AeronauticsVersusAerospaceBeforetherecanbeadiscussionaboutaeronautics,itmustbedefinedabitbetter.Aeronauticsisthescienceofdesigninganairplaneorotherflyingmachine,Therearefourbasicsubjectsthataeronauticalengineersmustunderstand.Aeronau

2、tic航空Aerospace航天Versus比较，对抗Tail尾翼Aerodynamic空气动力学Spin旋转Propeller螺旋桨Fallapart分离，分解，崩溃Aircraftcarrier航空母舰1.Howtoshapetheairplaneanditswingandtailsothatitslipseasilythroughtheairandcanliftitselfofftheground.Thisiscalledaerodynamics.2.Howtocontroltheairplanesothatitwillbeabletoturnbutnot

3、spinoutofcontrol.Thisiscalledstabilityandcontrol.3.Howtobuildanengine(beitjetorpropeller)sothattheairplanecanpushitswaythroughtheair.Thisiscalledpropulsion.Howtobuildtheairplanesothatitwon’tfallapartwhenithitsagustofwindorslamsdownonanaircraftcarrier.Thisiscalledstructures.Aeronautic

4、alengineeringshouldnotbeconfusedwithaerospaceengineering,whichdealswiththingssuchasrocketsandsatellites.Whilerocketsmustascendthroughtheatmosphere,theymustalsonavigatethroughspacewherethereisnoair.Theirdesignsandengineshaveverydifferentrequirementsthanthoseofairplanes.HowAirMoves-Aer

5、odynamicsHowAirandotherGasesMove-AerodynamicsAerodynamicsisthestudyofforces(morepushesandpulls)actingonanobjectbecauseairoranothergasismovingaroundit.Theseforcesareimportantforthedesignofairplanes,sailboats,cars,andotherobjectsmovingquicklythroughtheair.Buildings,bridges,andwindmill

6、sarealsoaffectedbythewindmovingpastthem,andtheyalsoexperienceaerodynamicforces.Thebulkofthesectionsinthischapteraredevotedtounderstandingthemotionsofairaroundobjects.Whenthesemotionsaredefinedandmeasured,theycontributetothecalculationoftheforcesontheobject.Withtheaerodynamicforceskno

7、wn,theflightpossibilitiesoftheobjectcanbediscussed!MeasurementsInordertodetermineiftheaerodynamicforcesonanobjectaresufficienttoallowflight,theforcesmustbemeasured.Thedifferentcontributionsoftheairmovingaroundtheobjectmustbecategorizedanddefined,andtheymustbequantified.Therearespecif

8、icqualitiest