and mastitis riska storm in a teatcup在挤奶杯机和乳腺炎里斯卡风暴课件

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1、MachinesandMastitisRisk:AStorminaTeatcupGraemeMein,AustraliaDouglasReinemann,UW-Madison,USANormSchuring,Westfalia-Surge,USAIanOhnstad,ADAS,UKHerd&farmmanagementCowMilkingmanagementMachineFeedingHerdhealthCalvingareasMuddylanesCleanuddersYieldTeatcharacteristicsImmunesystemRelativeEffects

2、onMastitisEffectsofmilkingonnewinfectionrateMilkingmanagementMachineHygieneCalmcowsVisiblycleanteatsTimingofcupattachmentClusterremovaltechniqueTeatdisinfectionContaminationTeathealth/colonizationBacterialpenetration}Table1IDF,1987DispersingpathogensinudderFrequency/degreeofemptyingudder“

3、Whatpercentageofallinfectionsareduetomilkingmachinefactors?”(Eberhard,Montreal,1987)Rangeofresponses:“Wedon’treallyknow”“Probablyquitelow”“Anywherebetween0%and100%”MachinesandMastitisRisk:AStorminaTeatcup?MostnewinfectionsareduetofactorsotherthanthemachineMilkingmanagementMachineHygieneCa

4、lmcowsCleanteatsTeatdisinfectionClusterremovalTimingofcupsonContaminationTeathealth,colonizationLinerslip,roughremovalRPGs,othereffects???}6-20%InfectedQuarters(%)PeakMilkingRate(kg/qtr/min)Grindal&Hillerton,1991ExtremeeffectsofthefirstthreemechanismsTeatcuplinersaredamp,drippyplacesandc

5、ontaminationofteatskiniscommonContaminationofteatskindoesnotnecessarilyleadtonewinfections:NIRsremainlowincontrolquartersofmostmilkingstudiesinvolvinghighbacterialchallengeTwootherinstructiveexamples...1.Contamination:Astorminateatcup?Highcyclicplushighirregularvacuumfluctuationsfailedtop

6、roducehighNIRsin:thefirstseriesofchallengeexperimentsintheUKwhenteatcupswerenotjoinedbyacommonclaw(Thieletal.1973)thesecondseriesofchallengeexperimentsinIrelandwhenastablelinerwasused(O’Shea&O’Callaghan,1978)ExamplesoflowNIRdespitehighbacterialchallenge1.Conclusions:contaminationAstormina

7、teatcup?Machine-inducedIMIsarelowintheabsenceofteatdamage(whichassistscolonizationinorneartheteatcanal)orhighlocalwinds(thatmightimpelpathogensintothecanal)Milkingmachineeffectsarelowrelativetotheeffectsofherdandmilkingmanagement2.Changingtheresistanceoftheteatcanal