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时间:2018-09-21
《用霍尔效应测量磁场》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。
1、用霍尔效应测量磁场【目的要求】1.了解霍尔效应的基本原理2.学习用霍尔效应测量磁场【实验原理】如图1所示为一n型半导体材料制成的霍尔原件示意图。………(1)……….(2)……………(3)由(1)(2)(3)式可得:,而又有,故可得:,又得:(KH与半导体类型,载流子浓度,半导体厚度有关)根据上式,如果知道霍尔片的灵敏度KH,只要测出UH和IS就可求出磁场。【实验器材】HT—S型螺线管磁场测试仪,【实验步骤】1.测量霍尔电流与霍尔电压的关系,连接电路,让励磁电流,调节从0mA~10.0mA变化(每隔1mA记录一次数据),记录与,并作出—的图像。2.测量励磁电流与磁感应强度的关系连接电路,将
2、霍尔原件放在螺线管的中间位置,让霍尔电流,调节励磁电流从0A~1A之间变化(每隔0.1A记录一次数据),记录与,并作出—的图像。3.测量通电螺线管磁场沿水平方向的分布令,,调节支架旋钮,使霍尔片从螺线管的一端慢慢往另一端移动,直到霍尔片出螺线管,依次测量磁场在水平方向的分布。【数据处理】(实验数据来自胡毓文)1.测量霍尔电流IS与霍尔电动势UH的关系。其中IM=0.500A,0.001.002.003.004.005.006.007.008.009.0010.000.000.190.370.540.720.901.071.261.411.591.720.00-0.14-0.28-0.43
3、-0.58-0.73-0.87-1.04-1.21-1.38-1.530.00-0.17-0.35-0.53-0.71-0.89-1.06-1.25-1.04-1.58-1.720.000.150.290.440.590.740.891.051.201.391.540.000.160.320.480.650.820.971.151.301.481.63根据上表可画出图像,如图2所示。由图线可知:在磁场一定的情况下,霍尔电压与霍尔电流成正比。可算出:斜率把代入上式可得:此时的磁感应强度2.测量励磁电流与磁感应强度B的关系。,0.0000.1000.2000.3000.4000.5000.6
4、000.7000.8000.9001.0000.000.190.370.540.720.901.071.261.411.591.720.00-0.14-0.28-0.43-0.58-0.73-0.87-1.04-1.21-1.38-1.530.00-0.17-0.35-0.53-0.71-0.89-1.06-1.25-1.04-1.58-1.720.000.150.290.440.590.740.891.051.201.391.540.000.160.320.480.650.820.971.151.301.481.630.005.9411.817.724.030.335.842.448.
5、054.660.1由图像可知,磁感应强度大小与励磁电流成正比。1.测量通电螺线管内部磁场分布。其中IM=0.500A,0.000.200.400.600.801.001.502.003.004.008.000.630.831.031.061.281.381.491.591.601.621.64-0.68-0.87-1.07-1.29-1.34-1.44-1.54-1.61-1.63-1.67-1.64-0.62-0.85-1.02-1.11-1.27-1.39-1.49-1.58-1.59-1.63-1.640.670.881.071.241.341.441.541.611.621.67
6、1.650.650.861.051.181.311.411.521.611.611.651.642.403.173.874.354.835.205.615.945.946.096.0516.0024.0025.0026.0026.5027.0027.2027.4027.6027.8028.001.661.671.631.631.591.521.431.341.191.050.80-1.64-1.61-1.59-1.57-1.48-1.38-1.28-1.21-1.07-0.89-0.68-1.66-1.66-1.63-1.62-1.59-1.51-1.41-1.34-1.17-1.02-
7、0.791.641.621.591.571.471.391.301.221.060.900.681.651.641.611.601.531.451.361.281.120.960.746.096.055.945.905.655.355.024.724.133.542.73由图可知,通电螺线管内部磁场接近不变,而在进和出螺线管出的磁场变化很快。【误差分析】(1)存在热磁效应产生误差。(2)霍尔片不一定能完全沿螺线管的轴线运动带来一定的
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