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1、社区居家养老服务的困境与对策——以广州市越秀区为例摘要进入21世纪,中国的老龄化程度日渐加深,传统的养老方式已经无法满足老年人的养老需求。从04年起,全国各地陆续开展居家养老服务,逐渐代替传统的机构养老,成为主要的养老方式。在居家养老服务运行的过程中,暴露出不少的弊端。本文着眼于社会工作者如何利用自身的专业性与创造性,克服当前的困难,推动居家养老服务的发展。笔者通过实地调查与访谈的调查方法,了解到老人对居家养老服务有着很大的需求,但目前居家养老服务存在着比较多的问题,如:服务覆盖人群少、服务内容单一、服务人员对服务认同不高等,难以满足老年人的养老需求。在这种困境下,广州市政府在服务
2、中引入专业社工,在一定程度上提升了服务水平。但由于政府资金投入低以及引入社工数量少,使社工在居家养老服务中无法发挥应有的作用。在此情况下,社工需克服工作资源紧张的固有问题,利用社会工作的专业工作手法,大力发展社区义工,实现社工、义工“两工联动”,整合自身与义工间的资源,引导和带领义工进行服务,实现互补互惠,互动互进的双赢结果,推进居家养老服务的开展。关键词老龄化;居家养老;社会工作;发展ABSTRACTEnteredintwenty-firstCentury,theagingdegreeChinaintensifies,traditionalwaytoprovidefortheag
3、edhasbeenunabletomeettheneedsoftheelderly.From04onwards,allpartsofthecountryarecarryingoutthehome-basedcareservices,graduallyreplacingthetraditionalpensionagency,becomethemainmodeofpension.Intheprocessofhome-basedcareservicesoperation,exposedmanyshortcomings.Thisarticlefocusesonthesocialworker
4、howtousetheirownprofessionalandcreative,toovercomethecurrentdifficulties,topromotethedevelopmentofhome-basedcareservices.Throughinvestigationandfieldsurveyandinterview,understandthattheelderlyhaveagreatdemandforhome-basedcareservices,butthehome-basedcareservicesexistmanyproblems,suchas:service
5、coverage,servicecontent,servicepersonneltoservicesingleidentityisnothigh,itisdifficulttosatisfytheneedsoftheelderly.Inthisdifficultsituation,GuangzhouCityHallintroducingprofessionalsocialworkintheservice,improvethelevelofserviceinacertainextent.Butbecausethegovernmentinvestmentandtheintroducti
6、onofsocialworkerslowquantityisless,sothatworkerscannotplayitsdueroleinhome-basedcareservices.Inthiscase,toovercometheinherentproblemsresourceneededbysocialworkers,socialworkprofessionalworkpractices,developmentofcommunityvolunteers,toachievesocialworkers,volunteers"twolinkage",integrationofres
7、ourcesbetweenitselfandthevolunteers,guideandleadthevolunteerservice,realizemutualcomplementarity,interactionandwin-winresults,promotethedevelopmentofhome-basedcareservices.KEYWORDSAging;HomeCare;SocialWork;Development1.绪论1.1问题提出进入21世纪,中