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1、LessonFourWisdomofBearWoodBackgroundInformationI.AuthorMichaelWelzenbach(1954—2001)wasanartcriticaswellasapoetandnovelist.HewrotesomeofthemoststimulatingcriticismsofartandmusicfortheWashingtonPost.II.RobinHoodRobinHoodisalegendaryheroofaseriesofEnglishballads,someofwhichdatefroma
2、tleastthe14thcentury.Hewasarebel,andmanyofthemoststrikingepisodesinthetalesabouthimshowhimandhiscompanionsrobbingandkillingrepresentativesofauthorityandgivingthegainstothepoor.TheirmostfrequentenemywastheSheriffofNottingham,alocalagentofthecentralgovernment.Othersincludedwealthye
3、cclesiasticallandownersRobintreatedwomen,thepoor,andpeopleofhumblestatuswithcourtesy.Agooddealoftheimpetusagainstauthoritystemsfromtherestrictionofhuntingrights.Theearlyballads,especially,revealthecrueltythatwasaninescapablepartofmedievallife.TheauthenticRobinHoodballadswerethepo
4、eticexpressionofpopularaspirationsinthenorthofEnglandduringaturbulenteraofbaronialrebellionsandagrariandiscontent,whichculminatedinthepeasants’Revoltof1381.RobinHoodwasapeople’sheroasKingArthurwasanoble’s.III.BerkshireSituatedintheheartofsouthernEngland,theCountyofBerkshire,alsok
5、nownas"RoyalBerkshire"ishometoseveralwell-knowntownsandcities,suchasWindsor,wherethefamousroyalretreatWindsorCastlecanbefound.AnotherroyalconnectionistheTownofAscot,famousforitsverypopularannualhorseracingfestival—"RoyalAscot".Berkshirealsoboastsmanypicturesquevillageswithviewsac
6、rosstheRiverThamesabsolutelystunning.IV.RuralLifeinBritainCottages:Picturesquecottagesaremostpeople’sideaofthetypicalcountrybuilding.Cottagesdatingfromthelate16thcenturyaregenerallytheearliesttosurvive.AllmannerofmaterialswereusedtobuildEngland’scountrycottages:stone,slate,wood,f
7、lint,clay,cob,thatch,bouldersandpebbles,andturf.Whatevermaterialwasused,traditionallythiswouldhavereflectedwhatwaslocallyavailable.Whilstcolorfulflowers,alwaysimportanttothecottagedweller,werehaphazardintheirplanting,vegetablesweregrowninorderedrows.Ediblesweregrown,notonlyforthe
8、cottagers’owntablebutalsotobesoldasamean
