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1、摘要减振器主要用来抑制弹簧吸振后反弹时的振荡及来自路面的冲击。在经过不平路面时,虽然吸振弹簧可以过滤路面的振动,但弹簧自身还会有往复运动,而减振器就是用来抑制这种弹簧跳跃的。减振器太软,车身就会上下跳跃,减振器太硬就会带来太大的阻力,妨碍弹簧正常工作。本次设计题目为轻型货车减振器设计,考虑轻型货车的用途主要是用来运输货物,所以本设计的减振器首先考虑需要满足载重量的需要,在满足货车载重量的前提下设计,本次设计采用的方案为双作用式液力减振器。这种减振器作用原理是当车架与车桥做往复相对运动时,减振器中的活
2、塞在钢桶内也做往复运动,则减振器壳体内的油液便反复地从一个内腔通过一些狭小的孔隙流入另一内腔。此时,孔壁与油液间的摩擦及液体分子内摩擦便形成对振动的阻尼力,使车身和车架的振动能量转化为热能,而被油液和减振器壳体所吸收,然后散到大气中。减振器的阻尼力越大,振动消除得越快,但却使并联的弹性元件的作用不能充分发挥,同时,过大的阻尼力还可能导致减振器连接零件及车架损坏。本次设计综合分析整体工作状况,设计合理减振器结构及尺寸,最终绘制装配图及零件图。关键词:货车;悬架;减振器;设计;匹配。AbstractSh
3、ockabsorberspringismainlyusedtosuppressvibrationatthetimeofoscillationafterthereboundfromtheimpactoftheroad.Afterunevenpavement,whileaspringvibrationabsorbercanfilterroadvibration,butthespringitselfwillhavereciprocatingmotion,whichisusedtocontrolthiski
4、ndofshockabsorberspringjumping.Shockabsorberistoosoft,thebodywillbejumpingupanddown,toohardShockAbsorberwillgiverisetoanyseriousresistancetoimpedethenormalworkofthespring.Thedesignofshockabsorberforlightgoodsvehiclessubjectdesign,considertheuseoflightg
5、oodsvehiclesaremainlyusedtotransportgoods,sothedesignoftheshockabsorberofthefirstconsidertheneedtomeettheneedsofload,truckloadtomeetunderthepremiseofthedesign,Thedesignoptionsfordual-actionhydraulicshockabsorber.Theprincipleroleofthisshockabsorberisdon
6、ewhentheframeandaxlebackandforthrelativemovement,theshockabsorberpistoninsteeldrumshasdoneinthereciprocatingmotion,thentheoilshockabsorbershellwillberepeatedfromoneincavitythroughanarrowporelumeninflow.Atthispoint,theholewallandthefrictionbetweenoiland
7、theliquidmoleculeswillformafrictiondampingforceofvibrationtothebodyandframeofthevibrationenergyintothermalenergy,oilandshockabsorbertobeabsorbedbytheshell,andthenscatteredintotheatmosphere.Thegreatertheshockabsorberdampingforce,vibrationtoeliminatethef
8、aster,butsothattheelasticelementinparallelcannotgivefullplaytotherole,atthesametime,toomuchdampingforceshockabsorbercanalsoleadtodamagetoconnectedpartsandtheframe.Thedesignofacomprehensiveanalysisoftheoverallworkingconditions,designandr