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1、摘要随着科技的发展,天然鳞片石墨已被广泛应用于化工、机械、冶金等众多领域,尤其是石墨制品及其复合材料应用更为广泛,这种石墨制品及其复合材料对石墨纯度要求很高,含碳量大都在99%以上。浮选法虽然工艺简单、成本低,但远达不到品味要求。而碱酸法、氢氟酸法等几种目前较为常用的高纯石墨的生产方法,从设备、工艺技术上都不是很成熟,因此有必要针对高纯石墨制备工艺进行研究,安全高效绿色制备石墨原料。钨酸、磷钨酸、磷钼酸是酸性稍弱于氢氟酸的强酸,无毒,腐蚀性小,实验分别研究了这几种强酸提纯天然鳞片石墨,得出磷钨酸在90℃与石墨以质量比1:1混合均匀搅拌3.5h为较佳工艺条件,可
2、将97.28%的高碳石墨提纯到99.05%的高纯石墨。在解决石墨纯度问题的同时,更降低了对环境的污染及人体的伤害,引领石墨产业健康、有序、可持续发展。关键词:天然鳞片石墨;提纯;钨酸;磷钨酸;磷钼酸AbstractAlongwiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,naturalflakegraphiteiswidelyusedinmanyfieldssuchaschemical,mechanical,metallurgical,graphiteproductsanditscompositematerialsismore
3、widelyapplied.Inparticular,thehighrequirementofgraphiteproductsanditscompositematerialtothepurityofgraphite,carboncontentabove99%mostly.Flotationmethod,thoughsimpleprocessandlowcost,farshortoftasterequirements.Alkaliacidandhydrofluoricacidandsoonseveralcommonlyusedonesareofhighpurit
4、ygraphiteproductionmethodsisnotverymaturefromtheequipmentandprocesstechnology,soitisnecessaryforhighpuritygraphitetostudythepreparationtechnology,safeandefficientgreenpreparationofgraphitematerials.Tungstenacid,phosphotungsticacidandphosphorusisslightlyweakacidicmolybdateinhydrofluo
5、ricacid,non-toxic,corrosivesmall,theexperimentrespectivelystudiedtheseveralacidpurifiednaturalflakegraphite,phosphotungsticacidat90℃andgraphitetomassratioof1:1mixedevenlymixing3.5hforbetterprocessconditions,highcarbongraphitepurificationcanbe97.28%to99.05%ofhighpuritygraphite.Intoso
6、lvetheproblemsofthepurityofgraphite,andreducethepollutiontotheenvironmentandhurthumanbody,leadingthegraphiteindustryhealthyandorderlyandsustainabledevelopment.Keywords:NaturalFlakeGraphite,Purification,TungstenAcid,PhosphotungsticAcid,PhosphomolybdicAcid目录摘要..……………………………………………………………
7、….IAbstract………….………………………………………..………....II第1章绪论………………………………….…………...………….11.1石墨的晶体结构、性质与用途21.1.1石墨的晶体结构21.1.2石墨的工业分类31.1.3石墨的性能特点51.1.4石墨的应用61.2石墨提纯工艺研究现状61.2.1浮选法71.2.2碱酸法71.2.3氢氟酸法81.2.4氯化焙烧法91.2.5高温法91.3天然鳞片石墨发展前景101.4实验目的及内容101.4.1实验目的及意义101.4.2实验内容10第2章实验方法及材料……………………………………………1
8、12.1实验仪器及药品112.1.1实