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1、Issuetest1"Boththedevelopmentoftechnologicaltoolsandtheusestowhichhumanityhasputthemhavecreatedmoderncivilizationsinwhichlonelinessiseverincreasing." 6Technology,broadlydefinedastheuseoftools,hasalonghistory.EversinceErgthecavemanfirstconkedananimalwitharock,peoplehavebeenusingtechnology.Forthousa
2、ndsofyears,theuseoftoolsallowedpeopletomoveeverclosertogether.Becausefieldscouldbecultivatedandthetechnologytostorefoodexisted,peoplewouldliveincitiesratherthaninsmallnomadictribes.OnlyverylatelyhaveErg'sdescendantscometoquestionthebenefitsoftechnology.TheIndustrialRevolutionintroducedandspreadtec
3、hnologiesthatmechanizedmanytasks.Asaresultofthedrivetowardmoreefficientproductionanddistribution(sotheeverlargercitieswouldbesupported),peoplebegantoactascogsinthetechnologicalmachine.Clothingwasnolongerproducedbygroupsofwomensewingandgossipingtogether,butbydown-troddenautomation'soperatingmachine
4、ryingrimfactories. Thebenefitsofthenewtechnologyoftoday,computersandtheinternet,areparticularlyambiguous.Theyhavemadeworkevermoreefficientandknittheworldtogetherinawebofinformationandphonelines.SomevisionariesspeakofaworldinwhichErgneednotcheckintohisoffice;hecanjustdialinfromhome.Hewon'tneedtogot
5、oabartopickupwomenbecausethereareallthosechatrooms.Hungry?Ergordershisgroceriesfromanonlinedeliveryservice.Bored?Downloadanewgame.Andyet... Manypeople,myselfincluded,arealittlequeasyaboutthatvision.Ergmaybedoingwork,butisitrealwork?Arehisonlinefriendsrealfriends?Doesanythingcountinaspiritualwayifi
6、t'sjustdigital?SincetheIndustrialRevolution,wehavebeenhauntedbytheprospectthatweareturningintoourmachines:efficient,productive,soulless.Thenewesttechnologies,wefear,aremakingusflatasourscreens,turningusintostreamsofbitsofinterchangeabledata.Wemayknowalotofpeople,butwehavefewrealfriends.Wehavealoto
7、fthingstodo,butnoreasontodothem.Inshort,thenewtechnologyemphasizesaspiritualcrisisthathasbeenbuildingforquitesometime. AsItrytounravelwhichIbelieveabouttherelativemeritsoftechnology,Ithinkitisinstructivetoremembe
