化学专业词汇41212

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1、organiccompounds有机化合物compoundsofcarbon碳化合物hydrocarbonsandtheirderivatives碳氢化合物及其衍生物organicchemistry有机化学structureofmolecule分子结构chemical  bond化学键covalentbond共价键hybridorbital杂化轨道bondlength键长bondangle键角bondenergy键能polarity极性dissociationenergy离解能constitution构造contigurati

2、on构型conformation构象stereochemistry立体化学tetrahedral正四面体cis-顺trans-反isomerism同分异构现象isomer异构体stereoisomer立体异构constitutionalisomer构造异构structuralformula结构式octet八隅体perspective透视式eclipsedconformation重叠式构象staggeredconformation交叉式构象newmanprojection纽曼投影式functionalgroup官能团chainc

3、ompoud链状化合物carbocycliccompound碳环化合物heterocycliccompound杂环化合物dipole-dipoleinteractions偶极-偶极相互作用vanderWaalsforces范德华力hydrogenbonding氢键dipolemoment偶极矩electronegativity电负性physicalproperty物理性质meltingpoint熔点boilingpoint沸点reactionmechanism反应机理homolysis均裂freeredical自由基heter

4、olysis异裂ionictype离子型electrophilicreagent亲电试剂electrophilicreaction亲电反应nucleophilicreagent亲核试剂nucleophilicreaction亲核反应1.TheIdeal-GasEquation理想气体状态方程2.PartialPressures分压3.RealGases:DeviationfromIdealBehavior真实气体:对理想气体行为的偏离4.ThevanderWaalsEquation范德华方程5.SystemandSurroun

5、dings系统与环境6.StateandStateFunctions状态与状态函数7.Process过程8.Phase相9.TheFirstLawofThermodynamics热力学第一定律10.HeatandWork热与功11.EndothermicandExothermicProcesses吸热与发热过程12.EnthalpiesofReactions反应热13.Hess’sLaw盖斯定律14.EnthalpiesofFormation生成焓15.ReactionRates反应速率16.ReactionOrder反应级数

6、17.RateConstants速率常数18.ActivationEnergy活化能19.TheArrheniusEquation阿累尼乌斯方程20.ReactionMechanisms反应机理21.HomogeneousCatalysis均相催化剂22.HeterogeneousCatalysis非均相催化剂23.Enzymes酶24.TheEquilibriumConstant平衡常数25.theDirectionofReaction反应方向26.LeChatelier’sPrinciple列•沙特列原理27.Effect

7、sofVolume,Pressure,TemperatureChangesandCatalystsi.体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28.SpontaneousProcesses自发过程29.Entropy(StandardEntropy)熵（标准熵）30.TheSecondLawofThermodynamics热力学第二定律31.EntropyChanges熵变32.StandardFree-EnergyChanges标准自由能变33.Acid-Bases酸碱34.TheDissociationofWater水离解35

8、.TheProtoninWater水合质子36.ThepHScalespH值37.Bronsted-LowryAcidsandBasesBronsted-Lowry酸和碱38.Proton-TransferReactions质子转移反应39.ConjugateAcid-Bas