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1、毕业设计（论文）外文参考资料及译文译文题目：钢筋混凝土结构的设计过程学生姓名：陈沁儒学号：1021411006专业：M土木工程所在学院：龙蟠学院指导教师：左熹职称：讲师2011年11月18日DesignProcessofReinforcedConcreteObjectivesofdesignThestructureengineerisamemberofateamwhosemembersworktogethertodesignabuilding,bridge,orotherstructurethatwillfulfilthespecific
2、needsofaclient.Inthecaseofabuilding,anarchitectgenerallyprovidestheoveralllayout,andmechanical,electrical,andstructuralengineersdesignindividualsystemswithinthebuilding.Ageotechnicalorfoundationengineerprovidesinformationnecessaryforthedesignoffoundations,basementwalls,an
3、dsoon.Thestructureshouldsatisfyfourmajorcriteria:1,Appropriateness.Thearrangementofspaces,spans,ceilingheights,access,andtrafficflowmustcomplementtheintendeduse.Thestructureshouldfititsenvironmentandbeaestheticallypleasingwhereverpossible.Althoughsuchdecisionsarefrequentl
4、yinthearchitect`sdomain,thestructuralengineershouldbeartheminmindinchoosingframingsystemsforabuildingorinlayingorinlayingoutstructuressuchasbridges.2,Economy.Theoverallcostofthestructureshouldnotexceedtheclient`sbudget.Frequently,teamworkindesignwillleadtooveralleconomies
5、.3,Structuraladequacy.Structuraladequacyinvolvestwomajoraspects:a.Astructuremustbesufficientlystrongtosupportsafely,withoutcollapse,allanticipatedloadingsb.Astructuremustnotdeflect,tilt,vibrate,orcrackinamannerthatimpairsitsusefulness.4,Maintainability.Astructureshouldbed
6、esignedtorequireaminimumofmaintenanceand/ortobeabletobemaintainedinasimplefashion.Itisestimatedthatone-fifthofthehighwaybridgesinnorthamericaaredangeroustovaryingdegreesbecauseofinadequateattentionduringdesigntodrainage,weathering,orcorrosion,coupledwithinadequatemaintena
7、nceduringtheirlifetimes.DesignprocessLimitstatesThedesignprocessisasequentialanditerativedecision-makingprocess.thethreemajorphasesare:1.Definitionoftheclient`sneedsandpriorities.Allbuildingsorotherstructuresarebuilttofulfilsomeneed.Itisimportantthatthefutureowneroruserof
8、theprojectbeinvolvedindeterminingtheattributesoftheproposedbuilding.Thesemayincludesuchthingsasf
