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1、RulesofCrowdsourcing:Models,Issues,andSystemsofControl†GregoryD.Saxton,OnoohOh,RajivKishoreSaxton,G.D.,Oh,O.,&Kishore,R.(inpress).Rulesofcrowdsourcing:Models,Issues,and∗SystemsofControl.InformationSystemsManagement,forthcoming.Abstract:Inthispaper,wefirstprovideapracticalyetrigorousdefinitio
2、nofcrowdsourcingthatincorporates“crowds,”outsourcing,andsocialwebtechnologies.Wethenanalyze103well-knowncrowdsourcingwebsitesusingcontentanalysismethodsandthehermeneuticreadingprinciple.Basedonouranalysis,wedevelopa“taxonomictheory”ofcrowdsourcingbyorganizingtheempiricalvariantsinninedistinc
3、tformsofcrowdsourcingmodels.Wealsodiscusskeyissuesanddirections,concentratingonthenotionofmanagerialcontrolsystems.Keywords:Crowdsourcing;outsourcing;e-business;socialweb;socialmedia;advancedInternettechnologies;Web2.0.†GregoryD.Saxton,DepartmentofCommunication,UniversityatBuffalo,SUNY,Buffa
4、lo,NewYork;OnookOh,TheCenterforCollaborationScience,UniversityofNebraskaatOmaha,Omaha,NE;RajivKishore,DepartmentofManagementScienceandSystems,SchoolofManagement,SUNYatBuffalo,Buffalo,NewYork.∗Theauthorswouldliketothanktheeditorandthetwoanonymousreviewersofthisjournalfortheirvaluablecommentsa
5、ndsuggestions.ThereviewersandeditorsoftheFourthGlobalSourcingWorkshop(March22–25,2010,Zermatt,Switzerland)alsoprovidedhelpfulcommentsonanearlierversionofthisarticle.PleasedirectcorrespondencetoGregorySaxton,DepartmentofCommunication,UniversityatBuffalo,SUNY.Email:gdsaxton@buffalo.edu1Takinga
6、dvantageofthegrowingacceptanceofsocialwebtechnologies,entrepreneursbigandsmallarecontinuallycreatingandexperimentingwithinnovativesourcingmodels.Oneofthemostbuzzworthymodelsis“crowdsourcing,”wherebybusinessesusetheWebtoharnesstheeffortsofavirtual“crowd”toachievespecificorganizationaltasks.Cr
7、owdsourcingthustakesadvantageofmanyofthesametechnologicalfeaturesthatcharacterize“socialmedia,”thetechnologythatenablesonlinecommunitiesthroughwhichuserscaninteractwiththoseofsimilarinterests.However,crowdsourcingisdistinctfrompuresocialmediaapplic
