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1、清华等五校2011届合作自主选拔通用基础测试英语试题注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。SectionIReadingPartAReadthefollowingtext．Choosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblank．(30points)Learningtheoristsemphasizetheroleofenvironmentalinfluencesinshapingthewayapersondevelop
2、s．__1__theirview,childdevelopmentisguidedbybothdeliberateand__2__learningexperiencesinthehome,peergroup,school,andcommunity．Therefore,childhoodgrowthissignificantly__3__bytheeffortsofparents,teachers,andothersto__4__childrenindesirableways．Accordingtolearningtheories,thesame__5__thatex
3、plainhowpeoplecanuseabicycleorcomputeralsoexplainhowchildrenacquiresocialskills,emotionalself-control,reasoningstrategies,andthe__6__skillsofwalkingandrunning．Onekindoflearningoccurswhenachild’sactionsare__7__byarewardorpunishment．Arewardincreasestheprobabilitythatbehaviorwillberepeate
4、d．Forexample,ayoungchildmay__8__drawpicturesbecauseshereceivespraisefromherparentsafter__9__eachone．Apunishmentdecreasestheprobabilitythatbehaviorwillberepeated．Forexample,achildwhotouchesahotstoveandburnshisfingertipsisnot__10__totouchthestoveagain．__11__kindoflearning,classicalcondit
5、ioning,occurswhenapersonmakesa__12__associationbetweentwoevents．Forexample,babiesbeginsuckingwhentheyareputinafamiliarnursing__13__,childrenfeardogswhosebarkinghasstartledtheminthepast．Athirdkindoflearning__14__ofimitatingthebehaviorofothers．Aboymayacquirehisfather’s__15__oftalking,his
6、mother’stendencytorollhereyes,andhisfavoritebasketballplayer’smoves__16__thecourt．Indoingso,healsoacquires__17__abouttheconsequencesofthesebehaviors．Learningtheoriesprovideextremelyusefulwaysofunderstandinghowdevelopmentalchangesinbehaviorandthinking__18__and,forsomechildren,whybehavio
7、rproblemsarise．Thesetheoriescanbestudiedscientificallyandpracticallyapplied．Criticspointout,__19__,thatlearningtheoristssometimesneglectchildren’s__20__roleintheirownunderstandinganddevelopment．1．A．ForB．FromC．InD．With2．A．unintendedB．uninvolvedC．undiscoveredD．unlimited3．A．achievedB．cr
