运营管理期末复习(下)

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1、11.Inventory存货Inventory:Thenumberofflowunitswithinaprocessataspecificpointintime.在一个特定的时间点上某个生产流程中产品的数量。Physicalinventoriesincluderawmaterials(RM),workinprocess(WIP),andfinishedgoods(FG).包括原材料、在制品、成品。LetRi(t)=InflowRateattimetRo(t)=OutflowRateattimet Ri(t)-Ro(t)=InventoryAccumulat

2、ionRate I(t)=I(t-1)+Ri(t)-Ro(t)(InventoryBalanceequation) I(t)alsofluctuatesovertimeMeaningfulMeasurement:AverageInventory(I) 12.Little’sLawLittle’sLawstatesamathematicalrelationshipbetweenthroughputrate,throughputtimeandthenumberofwork-in-processinventory.Inventory=ThroughputxFlo

3、wTime I=RxT Turnover=Throughput/Inventory =1/T Forgivenlevelofthroughputinanyprocess,theonlywaytoreduceflowtimeistoreduceinventory,andviceversa.给定水平下的产出，缩短生产时间的唯一途径就是减少存货，反之亦然。13ThefollowingBenefitsofshorterflowtime?(1)Flowtimeaffectsdeliveryresponsetime,Make-to-orderProductionsys

4、tem:fasterresponse缩短交付响应时间。 (2)Little’sLaw:lowerinventory更低的存货 (3)NewProductDevelopment:earlymarketintroduction.更早的市场导入 (4)Productswithshortseasons(e.g.fashiongoods):delayproduction短季商品的提早入市 13.CapacityProcessCapacityisthemaximumsustainableFlowRate(Throughput)ofaprocessTheCapacity

5、foraprocess,thelesssituationswherewehavesufficientsupplytomatchdemandProcessCapacityDependingontheflowunit,thenetworkstructureofactivitiesandbuffers,theresourcesallocatedtoperformthem,operatingpolicies流程能力取决于流动单元,缓冲与活动的网络结构,资源分配,运营策略等FlowRate=Min{AvailableInputrate,DemandRate,Proc

6、essCapacity}ActivityCapacity：Itdependontheresourceallocation,resourcecharacter(resourceflexibility,LoadBatch),timeavailable,etc（1）ActivityTime:thetimerequiredbyatypicalflowunittocompletetheactivityonce （2）Visits:reworkrequiresactivitiestoberepeatedseveraltimes （3）WorkContent:theac

7、tivitytimemultipliedbytheaveragenumberofvisitstothatactivity.TheoreticalCapacity（1）Theoreticalcapacityofaresourceunit:Maximumsustainableflowrateifitwerefullyutilizedduringitsscheduledavailability. （2）TheoreticalcapacityofaTask/activity:Thesumofthetheoreticalcapacitiesofallresource

8、unitsallocatedtothisactivity （3）T