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1、iTheBookofChangesasaMirroroftheMind:TheEvolutionoftheZhouyiinChinaandBeyond1RichardJ.Smith(司馬富)GeorgeandNancyRuppProfessorofHumanitiesandProfessorofHistoryRiceUniversityApril10-12,2009PaperfortheFourthInternationalConferenceofAnalyticalPsychologyandChineseCulture,FudanUniversity,S
2、hang-hai,PRC.1PortionsofthispaperhavebeendrawnfromRichardJ.Smith,Fathom-ingtheCosmosandOrderingtheWorld:TheYijing(I-Ching,orClassicofChanges)andItsEvolutioninChina(Charlottesville:UniversityofVirginiaPress,2008)Therestofitisbasedonmyongoingworkonacompanionvolume,tentativelyEternal
3、Writ:TheGlobalizationoftheYijing(IChingorClassicofChanges).1iiiiTheBookofChangesasaMirroroftheMindI.IntroductionAnineteenthcenturyChinesecommentaryontheYijing(易經;akaIChing)statessuccinctly:“TheChangesisthemirrorofmen’sminds”(易者人心之鏡也).”2Inotherwords,thereareasmanyversionsoftheYijin
4、gastherearereadersofthedocu-mentandcommentatorsuponit.3AccordingtotheeditorsoflateimperialChina’smostimportantliterarycompilation,theCompleteCollectionoftheFourTreasuries(四庫全書;here-after,theFourTreasuries),interpretingtheYijingislikeplay-ingchess,notwogamesarealike,andthereareinfi
5、nitepossi-bilities.4ThiswasespeciallythecasebecausetheClassicofChangeswasnotmerelyabookofwisdom;itwasalsoadiv-inatorytext,acrypticandoftenhighlypersonalguideto“themindofHeaven”(天心).5Overthecourseofmorethantwomillennia,thousandsofcommentarieswerewrittenontheChanges,eachreflectingad
6、istinctivetechnical,philological,religious,philosophical,lit-erary,socialorpoliticalpointofview.6Interpretivevariables2何毓福,易鏡(n.p.1884;NiTsehCollection,U.C.Irvine),1:1.3IdevelopthisthemeatlengthinFathomingtheCosmos.4四庫全書總目提要編委會,ed.,四庫全書總目提要(Haikou:Hainanchubanshe,1999),經部,易纇,30(4:
7、25a).Seealsoibid.,子部,數術纇,559-560(108:24a-28a).5SeeSmith,FathomingtheCosmos,3,10,19,22,23,26,28,35,36,39,41,42,46,51,53,55,56,62,63,67,73,83,84,85,93,94,99,102-05passim,111,114,115,117,121,122,127,131,135,155,156,161,165,168,170,172,176,186,192,217,220,221,221,223-27passim,229,235,
8、245,247,266,247,291,293,298,305,3
