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时间:2018-09-11
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1、CambridgeHistoriesOnline©CambridgeUniversityPress,2008viGENERALEDITORS'PREFACEcivilizationanddescribedJapan'snineteenthcenturyturnfrommili-tarytocivilianbureaucraticruleundermonarchicalguidanceaspartofalarger,worldwidepattern.Buckle,Guizot,Spencer,andthenMarxsuccessivelyprovidedint
2、erpretativeschema.Thetwentieth-centuryideologyoftheimperialnationstate,how-ever,operatedtoinhibitfullplayofuniversalisminhistoricalinterpre-tation.Thegrowthandideologyoftheimperialrealmrequiredcau-tiononthepartofhistorians,particularlywithreferencetoJapaneseorigins.Japan'sdefeatinW
3、orldWarIIbroughtreleasefromtheseinhibi-tionsandforatimereplacedthemwithcompulsivedenunciationofthepretensionsoftheimperialstate.SoontheexpansionofhighereducationbroughtchangesinthesizeandvarietyoftheJapanesescholarlyworld.Historicalinquirywasnowfreetorangewidely.AnewopeningtotheWes
4、tbroughtlivelyinterestinhistoricalexpres-sionsintheWest,andahistoricalprofessionthathadbecomecau-tiouslyandexpertlypositivistbegantorethinkitsmaterialintermsoflargerpatterns.AtjustthisjuncturetheseriousstudyofJapanesehistorybeganintheWest.BeforeWorldWarIItheonlydistinguishedgeneral
5、surveyofJapanesehistoryinEnglishwasG.B.Sansom'sJapan:AShortCulturalHistory,firstpublishedin1931andstillinprint.EnglishandAmericanstudentsofJapan,manytrainedinwartimelanguagepro-grams,weresoonabletotraveltoJapanforstudyandparticipationwithJapanesescholarsincooperativeprojects.Intern
6、ationalconfer-encesandsymposiaproducedvolumesofessaysthatservedasbench-marksofintellectualfocusandtechnicaladvance.WithinJapanitselfanoutpouringofhistoricalscholarship,popularpublishing,andhis-toricalromanceheightenedthehistoricalconsciousnessofanationawareofthedramaticchangesofwhi
7、chitwaswitness.In1978planswereadoptedtoproducethisseriesonJapanesehis-toryasawayoftakingstockofwhathasbeenlearned.ThepresentgenerationofWesternhistorianscandrawuponthesolidfoundationsofthemodernJapanesehistoricalprofession.Thedecisiontolimittheenterprisetosixvolumesmeantthattopicss
8、uchasthehistoryofartandlit
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