adaptation_to_variable_environments_resilience_to_climate_change

adaptation_to_variable_environments_resilience_to_climate_change

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时间:2018-09-11

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1、CurrentAnthropologyVolume58,Number1,February2017000AdaptationtoVariableEnvironments,ResiliencetoClimateChangeInvestigatingLand,WaterandSettlementinIndusNorthwestIndiabyCameronA.Petrie,RavindraN.Singh,JenniferBates,YamaDixit,CharlyA.I.French,DavidA.Hodell,PenelopeJ.Jones,CarlaLance

2、lotti,FrankLynam,SayantaniNeogi,ArunK.Pandey,DanikaParikh,VikasPawar,DavidI.Redhouse,andDheerendraP.SinghThispaperexploresthenatureanddynamicsofadaptationandresilienceinthefaceofadiverseandvariedenvi-ronmentalandecologicalcontextusingthecasestudyofSouthAsia’sIndusCivilization(ca.3

3、000–1300BC).Mostearlycomplexsocietiesdevelopedinregionswheretheclimaticparametersfacedbyancientsubsistencefarmerswerevariedbutrainfallsprimarilyinoneseason.Incontrast,theIndusCivilizationdevelopedinaspecificenvironmentalcontextthatspannedaverydistinctenvironmentalthreshold,wherewin

4、terandsummerrainfallsystemsoverlap.ThereisnowevidencetoshowthatthisregionwasdirectlysubjecttoclimatechangeduringtheperiodwhentheIndusCivilizationwasatitsheight(ca.2500–1900BC).TheIndusCivilization,therefore,providesauniqueopportunitytounderstandhowanancientsocietycopedwithdiversea

5、ndvariedecologiesandchangeinthefundamentalenvironmentalparameters.ThispaperintegratesresearchcarriedoutaspartoftheLand,WaterandSettlementprojectinnorthwestIndiabetween2007and2014.AlthoughcomingfromonlyoneoftheregionsoccupiedbyInduspopulations,thesedatanecessitatethereconsideration

6、ofseveralprevailingviewsabouttheIndusCivilizationasawholeandinvigoratediscussionabouthuman-environmentinteractionsandtheirrelationshiptoprocessesofculturaltransformation.AdaptingtoVariableEnvironments,BeingResilienthapsnosurprisethatthereisongoinginterestinthewaythattoChangingClim

7、ateshumanscausedand/orrespondedtoenvironmentalandeco-logicalchangeinthepast(Barnesetal.2013;Diamond2005;Giventheconsiderableimportanceofclimate,climatechange,StaubwasserandWeiss2006).Unquestionably,thereismuchandhuman/environmentrelationshipsinthepresent,itisper-tolearnfromthepast

8、aboutthesuccessorfailureofadap-C.

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