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1、Baker—1ReligionandScienceduringtheChosŏnDynastyDonBakerUniversityofBritishColumbiaWrittenfortheCambridgeHistoryofKorea,ChosŏnvolumeBothreligionandsciencearemodernconceptualconstructs.FormostoftheChosŏndynasty,beforemoderncivilizationpenetratedthepeninsula,Koreansdidnotusethosete
2、rms,nordidtheyrecognizereligionorscienceasseparateanddistinctwaysofconceptualizingormanipulatingtheworldaroundthem.ThatdoesnotmeanthattherewasnoscienceorreligioninChosŏnKorea.Inthesenseofattemptstocomprehendandmanipulatethephysicalenvironmentwithnaturalratherthansupernaturaltool
3、sinordertopreventtheotherwiseunpreventable,explicatetheotherwiseinexplicable,andpredicttheotherwiseunpredictable,ChosŏnKoreahadscience.Likewise,inthesenseofattemptstocomprehendandmanipulatethematerialandimmaterialrealmswithsupernaturalmeansinordertopreventtheotherwiseunpreventab
4、le,explicatetheotherwiseinexplicable,and1predicttheotherwiseunpredictable,ChosŏnKoreahadreligion.DuringtheChosŏndynasty,scienceandreligionbothfunctionedasweaponswieldedagainsttheunpleasantuncertaintiesoflife.Bothrepresentattemptstominimizethoseareasofhumanexperiencethatareunpred
5、ictable,unexplainable,uncontrollable,orunpreventable.Science(mathematics,astronomy,medicine,andgeography)adoptedoneapproach,thatoflookingforpatternsinnaturethatcouldprovidecluestohow,when,andwhyeventsoccurredinthematerialworldandthuscouldprovideguidelinesforappropriatewaystoprep
6、arefor,prevent,orcopewiththoseevents.Religion(folkreligion,Buddhism,Taoism,Christianity,andTonghak)turnedinsteadtosupernaturalassistance,bothforguidanceonhowtoactandfortoolsandtechniqueswhichcouldbeusedtorenderunpleasantexperiencessomewhatmorepreventable,controllable,oratleastex
7、plainable.Bothreligionandscience,thoughtheirapproachesweredifferent,aimedatthesamegoal.TheybothofferedChosŏndynastyKoreanswaystoconceptualizetheworldaroundthemsothattheycouldfeellessintimidatedbyitandmoreincontroloftheirowndestiny.SCIENCETraditionalKoreansciencewasnotmotivatedpr
8、imarilybyidleintellectualcuriosity,byasearchfor
