marx_on_freedom_of_the_press

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1、OnFreedomofthePressMarx/EngelsInternetArchiveOnFreedomofthePressProceedingsoftheSixthRhineProvinceAssemblyDebatesonFreedomofthePressandPublicationoftheProceedingsoftheAssemblyoftheEstatesWritten:May1842FirstPublished:May,1842,intheRheinischeZeitungTranslated:fromtheGermanTranscription/Markup:Zodiac,

2、BrianBasgenandSallyRyanOnlineVersion:Marx/EngelsInternetArchive(marxists.org)1996,2000Contents:May5:[PrussianCensorship]May8:[OpponentsofaFreePress]May10:[OntheAssemblyoftheEstates]May12:[Asaprivilegeofparticularindividualsoraprivilegeofthehumanmind?]May15:[Censorship]May19:[FreedominGeneral]General

3、IntroductionPost-NapoleonicGermanyhadbeenpromisedaconstitutionally-establishedstringofprovincialparliaments.In1823,Prussiaformedeightsuchparliaments(Assembliesoftheestates).Theyembracedtheheadsofprincelyfamilies,representativesoftheknightlyestate,i.e.,thenobility,oftownsandruralcommunities.Theelecti

4、onsystembasedontheprincipleoflandownershipprovidedforamajorityofthenobilityintheassemblies.Thecompetencyoftheassemblieswasrestrictedtoquestionsoflocaleconomyandadministration.Theyalsohadtherighttoexpresstheirdesiresongovernmentbillssubmittedfordiscussion.Theywerelargelypowerless("advisory")however,c

5、ouldonlysummonedbythePrussiangovernment,andthentheywereheldinsecret.Furthermore,atwo-thirdsmajoritywasrequiredtopassresolutions.Sincetheknightly(aristocratic)estateheld278ofthe584parliamentaryvotes(thetownsestatehad182andtheruralestate124),nothingcouldbedoneagainstitswishes.http://www.marxists.org/a

6、rchive/marx/works/1840/free-press/index.htm(1of3)[23/08/200018:15:15]OnFreedomofthePressInthe17yearsofFrederickWilliamIII'srule,parliamentsmetfivetimes.In1841,FrederickWilliamIVcametopoweranddecreedparliamentswouldmeeteverytwoyearsandthesecrecysurroundingthemwouldbelifted.Andsothefirstparliamentunde

7、rhisreign(andSixthsincetheAssemblieswerecreated)washeldinDüsseldorfbetweenMay23andJuly251841.Thatsameyear,aKonigsbergdoctornamedJohannJacobyissuedthepamphlet"FourQuestionsAnsweredbyanEastPrussian,"cal