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1、liaodynastyinchinesesourcesnaomistandenIntegrationandSeparation:TheFramingoftheLiaoDynasty(907–1125)inChineseSourcesThegloriesofmaterialculture(combinedwiththeshrewdpublicrelationsoftoday’sInnerMongolianarchaeologicalhierarchy)arebeginningtodrawunprecedentedattentiontotheLiao
2、遼dynasty(907–1125).Wemightwonderwhyithastakensolong.TheLiaowasthedominantpowerinnortheastAsiaformostofthetenthcenturyandplayedaleadingroleinthemulti-statesystemthatcontinuedtoprevailduringtherestofChina’sMiddlePeriod.Yetuntilthelastfewyears,scholarshipontheperiodhasdevotedits
3、elflargelytotheSong宋dynasty(960–1276),andhascasttheLiaosometimesassupportingactorbutmoreusuallyinabitpartasthefirstofthe“conquestdy-nasties,”andassuchlittlemorethantheimplacableenemyOtheroftheSonganditspredecessors.Thisisnotleastduetotheimbalanceinsurvivingtextualsources:wher
4、eastheSonghasbestoweduswithawealthofprivateandgovernmentalmaterialofallkinds,fortheLiaowehavelittlemorethanofficialhistoryandafewenvoyreports.AsaseparateworkfromtheSongshi宋史(SongHistory),theLiaoshi遼史(LiaoHistory)iseasytosetasideunlesswearespecificallystudyingLiao-Songinteract
5、ion.1Thismaybelessofanissueregardingthema-tureSongdynastyoftheeleventhcentury,whenthediscretenessofthetwotextsreflectsthedistinctpoliticaldivisionsofthetime.However,fortheearlierperiodoftheLiaointhetenthcentury,largelycotermi-Thisarticlebeganasaconferencepaperfor“TextualAfter
6、life:AConferenceontheUsesandManipulationsofTexts,”September3–4,2004,attheUniversityofStAndrews,organizedbySallyCrumplinandSumiDavid(thenPh.D.students).Thatpaperemergedfromaproj-ecttocreateparalleltranslationsofthetextsdiscussedhere,developedintoagrantproposalwithacolleagueinT
7、ranslationStudiesatNewcastle,FrancisJones.Therootsofmyworkinthisarealieinapapergivenatthefirstconferenceon“TheMedievalChronicle”inUtrechtin1996.MythankstoSarahSchneewind,BobMoore,andMarkStrangeforcommentsanddiscussion,andtoAsiaMajor’sreaders,especiallyReviewer2,forprovokingme
8、tosharpenmyideas;anyremainingstubbornerrorsaremyown.1Toghto脫脫,Ouyang
