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1、HOMEANDFARMFOODPRESERVATIONBYWILLIAMV.CRUESSASSISTANTPROFESSOROFFOODTECHNOLOGY(zYMOLOGY)UNIVERSITYOFCALIFORNIAEXPERIMENTSTATIONDfaroforkTHEMACMILLANCOMPANY1918Allrightsreservedi-COPYRIGHT,1918BYTHEMACMILLANCOMPANYSetupandelectrotyped.PublishedJuly,1918.PREFACESinceearlyhistoricaltimefoodp
2、reservationhasbeensecondonlyinimportancetofoodproduction.Grapesandotherfruitsweredriedbytheancientstopreservethem;fruitjuiceswerefermentedtomakewinesandvinegars;cerealsandvegetableswerestoredtoprotectthemagainstmoistureanddecay;oliveswerepreservedbysalting;andmeatsweresalted,dried,andsmok
3、ed.Theuseofsugarandvinegarinpreservingfruitsandvegetablescamelater.ThepreservationoffoodsbysterilizationinsealedcontainersisadevelopmentofthenineteenthcenturyanddatesfromitsdiscoverybyNich-olasAppertinFranceabout1800.Coldstorage,asameansofpreservingallperishableproducts,has,duringthepastc
4、entury,developedintoaverygreatindustry.Threebillioncansoffood,valuedretailat$600,000,000,weresoldintheUnitedStatesin1916.Themeatpack-ingandcoldstorageindustriescomparefavorablywiththecanningindustriesinsize.ThewholesalevalueoftheraisincropinCaliforniaisover$10,000,000an-nually.Theotherdri
5、edfruitindustriesaresmallerbuttheiraggregatevalueamountstomanymillionsofdollarsyearlyintheUnitedStates.Fromthis,theimportanceofcommercialfoodpreservationmaybeseen.Commercialfoodpreservationcaresforthebulkofthefoodproductsbutbesidethefoodsopreserved,therearemanymillionsofjarsandcansoffruit
6、sandvege-tables,glassesofjellies,jams,andmarmaladesandmany"7thousandsofhamsandbaconsputup/bythehouse-wifeandfarmer.Muchfoodthatwouldotherwisebewasted1issavedandinadditionavarieddietthrough-outtheyearatlowcostismadeavailableinmanyhomes.v380396viPREFACEUsuallythisworkisdoneoverahotkitchenst
7、ove*duringtherushofthefruitorvegetableseasonand,addedtootherhouseholdduties,becomesaheavy"burden.Themethodsareempiricalandbyruleofthumb";consequentlytheyarenotwellunderstoodandnotespeciallyinteresting.""Thisbookaimstotellthewhyofthevariousmethodsoffoodpreservation,t
