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1、美国劳动节英文 ManyimmigrantssettledinNewYorkCityinthenineteenthcentury.Theyfoundthatlivingconditionswerenotaswonderfulastheyhaddreamed.Oftenthereweresixfamiliescrowdedintoahousemadeforonefamily.Thousandsofchildrenhadtogotowork.Workingconditionswereevenworse.Immigrantmen,womenandchi
2、ldrenworkedinfactoriesfortentotwelvehoursaday,stoppingonlyforashorttimetoeat.Theycametoworkeveniftheyweretiredorsickbecauseiftheydidn't,theymightbefired.Thousandsofpeoplewerewaitingtotaketheirplaces. WhenPeterMcGuirewas17,hebegananapprenticeshipinapianoshop.Thisjobwasbetterth
3、anhisothers,forhewaslearningatrade,buthestillworkedlonghourswithlowpay.Atnighthewenttomeetingsandclassesineconomicsandsocialissuesoftheday.Oneofthemainissuesofconcernpertainedtolaborconditions.Workersweretiredoflonghours,lowpayanduncertainjobs.Theyspokeoforganizingthemselvesin
4、toaunionoflaborerstoimprovetheirworkingconditions.Inthespringof1872,PeterMcGuireand100,000workerswentonstrikeandmarchedthroughthestreets,demandingadecreaseinthelongworkingday. ThiseventconvincedPeterthatanorganizedlabormovementwasimportantforthefutureofworkers'rights.Hespentt
5、henextyearspeakingtocrowdsofworkersandunemployedpeople,lobbying(游说)thecitygovernmentforjobsandreliefmoney.ItwasnotaneasyroadforPeterMcGuire.Hebecameknownasa"disturberofthepublicpeace."Thecitygovernmentignoredhisdemands.Peterhimselfcouldnotfindajobinhistrade.Hebegantotravelupan
6、ddowntheeastcoasttospeaktolaborersaboutunionizing(成立工会).In1881,hemovedtoSt.Louis,Missouri,andbegantoorganizecarpentersthere.HeorganizedaconventionofcarpentersinChicago,anditwastherethatanationalunionofcarpenterswasfounded.HebecameGeneralSecretaryoftheUnitedBrotherhoodofCarpent
7、ersandJoinersofAmerica. Theideaoforganizingworkersaccordingtotheirtradesspreadaroundthecountry.Factoryworkers,dockworkersandtoolmakersallbegantodemandandgettheirrightstoaneight-hourworkday,asecurejobandafutureintheirtrades.PeterMcGuireandlaborersinothercitiesplannedaholidayfo
8、rworkersonthefirstMondayinSeptember,halfwaybetweenIndependenc
