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1、实验:探究通电导线周围的磁场实验目的:探究通电导线周围的磁场分布。实验原理:奥斯特实验说明了电能生磁,通电导线周围存在磁场,可以利用小磁针及铁屑来研究通电直导线和单股线圈的磁场。实验器材:干电池4节、电池盒1个、开关1个、硬纸板、漆包线、剪刀、铁屑、针锥、铜棒、小磁针若干、导线若干。实验步骤:1.用剪刀剪一个长方形硬纸板,用针锥在中间扎一个洞,能使铜棒穿过此洞(如图1所示)。图1图22.在铜棒的周围放一圈小磁针,观察小磁针的N极指向(如图2所示)。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiang
2、xi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNing
3、xiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand3.把铜棒的两端与电源相连,观察开关闭合的瞬间,小磁针指针的偏转情况(如图3所示)。图34.拿走小磁针,在硬纸板均匀地撒上铁屑,闭合开关,轻敲纸板,观察铁屑的分布情况(如图4)。图45.用曲线把这些曲线画出来,它们就是一些同心圆。6.用漆包线绕制一个10圈左右的线圈,线圈直径大约为5~8厘米,并用剪刀刮去漆包线两端的绝缘漆。otherstaffoftheCentre.Duringthewar,Z
4、huwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofStateenterprisesMinister,Shenmufug
5、uSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand7.用剪刀把硬纸板剪成如图所示的形状,两孔间的距离与线圈直径差不多,再把线圈左右两股插入到槽中,在板上贴一张白纸(如图5所示)。图58.将线圈接入电路中,闭合开关,轻敲硬纸板,观察铁屑的分布情况(如图6所示)。图6操作提示:1.在使用剪刀和针锥时,注意安全,不要被割伤。2.在实验中,由于电路中的电流较大,开关闭合的时间不宜过长。otherst
6、affoftheCentre.Duringthewar,ZhuwastransferredbacktoJiangxi,andDirectorofthenewOfficeinJingdezhen,JiangxiCommitteeSecretary.Startingin1939servedasrecorderoftheWestNorthOrganization,SecretaryoftheSpecialCommitteeAfterthevictoryofthelongMarch,hehasbeentheNorthwestOfficeoftheFederationofState
7、enterprisesMinister,ShenmufuguSARmissions,DirectorofNingxiaCountypartyCommitteeSecretaryandrecorderoftheCountypartyCommitteeSecretary,Ministersand3.在实验中,通电后小磁针的偏转情况比较清晰,由于通电直导线周围磁场较弱,利用铁屑可能效果不是很明显,要求铜棒中的电流较大。4.根据导线直导线周围小磁针的N极指向以及电流方向,模仿安培定则,总结出判断通电直导线周围磁场方向的方法(用右手握住