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1、AsianMedicine4(2008)357–394brill.nl/asmeTheLimitsofIllustration:AnimaliaandPharmacopeiafromGuoPutoBencaoGangmu*RoelSterckxAbstractThispaperexaminestherelationshipbetweentextandillustrationinChinesepharmacopeiainthebencaotraditionbyfocusingondepictionsofanimals.Itexploresto
2、whatextentsuchillustra-tionsservedapractical—readmedicalorpharmaceutical—purpose.ThefirstpartofthepaperdiscussesthecontextsinwhichanimalspecieshavebeendepictedintraditionalChinaleadinguptotheemergenceofbencaoliterature.ThesecondpartanalysestheuseofillustrationsinBencaogangm
3、u.Theauthorquestionswhethersuchillustrationswereaimedtoreflectzoological,botanical,orpharmaceuticalinformationnotalreadypresentinthetextandarguesthat,instead,theircompositionisbestunderstoodwithinthecontextofMingvisualculture,theprintecon-omy,andnaturalistcollectaneaproduce
4、datthetime.KeywordsBencao,Chinesemedicine,LiShizhen,medicalillustration,Chinesepharmacopeia,animalrepresentation,ChineseprintcultureInTheEyeoftheLynx,astudyofthenaturalistandfounderoftheAccademiadeiLinceiFedericoCesi(1585–1630),DavidFreedbergdrawsattentiontotheperceivedlim
5、itationsassociatedwiththeuseofpicturestoclassifynaturalobjectsinseventeenth-centuryItaly.Oneidentifiedfailureofillustrationswasthattheyshowedtoomuchandleftthenaturalistcaughtbetweenthedesiretoaccuratelypictureeverythingandthedesirefororder.Themoreaccuratepictureswerethemore
6、detailtheyhadtoshow.Yet,atthesametime,themorebiologicaldetailtheyrevealedthemoretheyreflectedtheuntidinessanddisorderinnatureandthelessusefultheywerefortaxonomicabstractionandclassification.TheultimatetensionfortheLinceans,Freedbergnotes,‘was*Iwouldliketothanktheanonymousrev
7、iewersfortheircommentsonanearlierdraftofthispaper.IamgratefultoGeoffreyLloyd,GeorgesMétailié,TeriyukiKuboandVivienneLoforcommentsandsuggestions,andtoJohnMoffettoftheNeedhamResearchInstituteforhishelpinlocatingmaterials.©KoninklijkeBrillNV,Leiden,2008DOI:10.1163/157342009X125
8、26658783619358R.Sterckx/AsianMedicine4(2008)357–394betweenthedesiretorecordanddescribeeve
