各种语言都有静态和动态的表述方法

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1、2.3TechniquesUsedinE-CWordTranslationEnglishandChinesedifferfromeachothergreatly.WhatisperfectlynaturalinEnglishmayturnouttobeawkwardifdirectlytranslatedintoChinese.Thus,thischapterwillfocusontechniqueswhichhelpthetranslatormakeproperadjustmentintranslatingwords.We’lllearntechniquesusedinE-Cwo

2、rdtranslationfirst,andwithanunderstandingofthebasicterms,we’lllearntechniquesusedinC-Etranslationmoreeasily.2.3.1.1ConversionByconversionwemeanthatintranslationpractice,awordinthesourcelanguagebelongingtoacertainpartofspeechisnotnecessarilyturnedintothesamepartofspeechinthetargetlangue.Awordha

3、softentobeconvertedintoadifferentpartofspeechsoastoconformtotheusageoftargetlanguage.Conversionisoneoftheimportanttechniquesandisneededprimarilybythedifferencesinsyntacticstructureandidiomaticwaysofexpressioninthetwolanguages.Conversionoccursonmanyoccasions.Themostcommonlyseenareasfollows.2.3.

4、1.1ConversionintoVerbs各种语言都有静态和动态的表述方法，区别在于静态或动态表述方法在某种语言中使用的频率不同。英语中名词的使用频率要高于动词，这使英语句子常常表现为静态。英语广泛使用名词便带来了介词的频繁出现，这是英语侧重静态的又一原因。同时英语还通过派生等手段，用非动词的形式和名词外的其他词类表示动作意义，这些表达方式使英语的静态特点更为突出。汉语动词没有形态上的变化，也不存在主谓一致的问题，动词的使用很灵活，动词的使用频率也很高，与英语比较而言，体现出的特点是汉语表述以动态为主，所以英译汉时英语的名词、介词往往转换为汉语的动词，有时形容词和副词也可转换为汉

5、语动词。A.FromNounstoVerbs(1)Hisdrawingsofchildrenareexceptionallygood.他画孩子画地特别好。(2)Hedeclaredhiscountry’sfirmsupportfortheAfricanpeople’sresistancetoforeignaggressortroops.他宣布他的国家坚决支持非洲人民抵抗外国侵略军。(3)Someofmyclassmatesaregoodsingers.(ZhouJielunisagoodsinger.)我的一些同学唱歌唱的很好。（周杰仑是个很好的歌手。）(4)Itookitforg

6、rantedthatmotherswerethesandwich-makers,thefinger-paintingappreciatorsandthehomeworkmonitors我觉得母亲给孩子做三明治，欣赏他们的指画，检查家庭作业，都是理所当然的事。ThenounsinEnglishthatarederivedfromverbsorthatexpresscertainactionscanbeconvertedintoChineseverbs,suchassentences(1)and(2).Andsomenounswiththesuffix–ercanbeconverted

7、intoverbswhentheyarenotusedtoshowtheprofessionbutareusedtoexpressaction,suchassentences(3)and(4).B.FromPrepositionstoVerbsPrepositionsarefrequentlyusedinEnglish,andmanyofthemactuallyexpressthemeaningofcertainactions,whichareconvertedint