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1、ENCYCLOPEDIAOFspaceandastronomyjosepha.angelo,jr.Tothememoryofmyparents,RoseandJosephAngelo,whosesacrifices,love,anddedicationtofamilytaughtmewhatismostimportantinlifeandshowedmehowtoseethehandofGodinallthings,largeandsmall,inthisbeautifuluniverse.EncyclopediaofS
2、paceandAstronomyCopyright©2006byJosephA.Angelo,Jr.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedorutilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,orbyanyinformationstorageorretrievalsystems,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthe
3、publisher.Forinformationcontact:FactsOnFile,Inc.AnimprintofInfobasePublishing132West31stStreetNewYorkNY10001ISBN-10:0-8160-5330-8ISBN-13:978-0-8160-5330-8LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataAngelo,JosephA.Encyclopediaofspaceandastronomy/JosephA.Angelo,J
4、r.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-8160-5330-8(hardcover)1.Spaceastronomy—Encyclopedias.2.Astronomy—Encyclopedias.I.Title.QB136.A552006520′.3—dc222004030800FactsOnFilebooksareavailableatspecialdiscountswhenpurchasedinbulkquantitiesforbusinesse
5、s,associations,institutions,orsalespromotions.PleasecallourSpecialSalesDepartmentinNewYorkat212/967-8800or800/322-8755.YoucanfindFactsOnFileontheWorldWideWebathttp://www.factsonfile.comTextdesignbyJoanM.ToroCoverdesignbyCathyRinconIllustrationsbyRichardGarrattPri
6、ntedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaVBHermitage109876543Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper.CONTENTSAcknowledgmentsviIntroductionviiEntriesA–Z1FeatureEssays:“WeAreMadeofStardust”5“MoonBasesandtheThirdMillennium”36“TheBallisticMissile—ARevolutionInWarfare”73“CapeCanaveral
7、:TheAmericanStairwaytotheStars”108“HazardsofSpaceTravel”123“SwitchboardsintheSky”141“WillItRainonMyParade?”396“ReachingBeyondtheSolarSystem”455“RoleoftheRadioisotopeThermoelectricGenerator(RTG)inSpaceExploration”486“SpaceTechnologyandNationalSecurity”490“Space-Ag
8、eArchaeology”499“Space-AgeGuardianAngels”534“ConsequencesofInterstellarContact”536“Mariner:TheFamilyofNASASpacecraftthatChangedOurUnderstandingoftheInnerSolarS
