证券从业证券市场基础知识高分冲刺题

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1、2014年5月24日托福阅读考试机经南京环球雅思考试日期：2014年5月24日ReadingPassage1Title:苏美尔人Questiontypes:文章内容回顾：主题：历史文化类话题本文讲述了苏美尔文明。苏美尔人的居住地土壤贫瘠，但是每年的洪水泛滥留下了肥沃的淤泥用来耕作，繁荣来自农业生产力的提高。由此产生了统治阶级，后来统治阶级组织农民工作，但是S地区除了农业再无其他优势，所以要开展贸易。他们的生活都是围绕temple展开，而统治阶层为了记录管理情况逐渐发明楔形文字。难度分析：苏美尔文明

2、是托福常考的古代文明之一，阅读量较大的同学应该对这一背景和题材并不陌生。考生要善于抓住历史演进的主线，把握文明发展的进程，特别注意细节题的一一对应。相关背景内容：SumerwasthesouthernmostregionofancientMesopotamia(modern-dayIraqandKuwait)whichisgenerallyconsideredthecradleofcivilization.ThenamecomesfromAkkadian,thelanguageofthenorth

3、ofMesopotamia,andmeans“landofthecivilizedkings”.TheSumerianscalledthemselves“theblackheadedpeople”andtheirland,incuneiformscript,wassimply“theland”or“thelandoftheblackheadedpeople”.InthebiblicalBookofGenesisSumerisknownasShinar.AccordingtotheSumerianK

4、ingList,whenthegodsfirstgavehumanbeingsthegiftsnecessaryforcultivatingsociety,theydidsobyestablishingthecityofEriduintheregionofSumer.WhiletheSumeriancityofUrukisheldtobetheoldestcityintheworld,theancientMesopotamiansbelievedthatitwasEriduandthatitwas

5、herethatorderwasestablishedandcivilizationbegan.TheUbaidPeriodTheregionofSumerwaslongthoughttohavebeenfirstinhabitedaround4500BCE.Thisdatehasbeencontestedinrecentyears,however,anditnowthoughtthathumanactivityintheareabeganmuchearlier.Thefirstsettlersw

6、erenotSumeriansbutapeopleofunknownoriginwhomarchaeologistshavetermedtheUbaidpeople(fromtheexcavatedmoundofal-Ubaidwheretheartifactswereuncoveredwhichfirstattestedtotheirexistence)ortheProto-Euphrateans(whichdesignatesthemasearlierinhabitantsoftheregio

7、noftheEuphratesRiver).Whoeverthesepeoplewere,theyhadalreadymovedfromahunter-gatherersocietytoanagrarianonepriorto5000BCE.Excavationsfromal-UbaidandothersitesthroughoutsouthernIraqhaveuncoveredstonetoolsfromtheUbaidpeoplesuchashoes,knives,andadzesandcl

8、ayartifactswhichincludedsickles,bricks,paintedpottery,andfigurines.Thesepeoplewerethefirstagentsofcivilizationintheregion.AtwhatpointthepeoplewhocametobeknownasSumeriansenteredtheareaisnotknown.TheSumerianKingListAccordingtotheSumerianscholarS