新视野大学英语2翻译

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Unit1一堂难忘的英语课1如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩英语的家长，那么我儿子也许是对的。对他而言，我是一个乏味的怪物：一个他不得不听其教诲的父亲，一个还沉湎于语法规则的人，对此我儿子似乎颇为反感。2我觉得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位学生时，才开始对这个问题认真起来的。这个学生刚从欧洲旅游回来。我满怀着诚挚期待问她：“欧洲之行如何？”3她点了三四下头，绞尽脑汁，苦苦寻找恰当的词语，然后惊呼：“真是，哇！”4没了。所有希腊文明和罗马建筑的辉煌居然囊括于一个浓缩的、不完整的语句之中！我的学生以“哇！”来表示她的惊叹，我只能以摇头表达比之更强烈的忧虑。5关于正确使用英语能力下降的问题，有许多不同的故事。学生的确本应该能够区分诸如their/there/they're之间的不同，或区别complimentary跟complementary之间显而易见的差异。由于这些知识缺陷，他们承受着大部分不该承受的批评和指责，因为舆论认为他们应该学得更好。6学生并不笨，他们只是被周围所看到和听到的语言误导了。举例来说，杂货店的指示牌会把他们引向stationary（静止处），虽然便笺本、相册、和笔记本等真正的stationery（文具用品）并没有被钉在那儿。朋友和亲人常宣称They'vejustate。实际上，他们应该说They'vejusteaten。因此，批评学生不合乎情理。7对这种缺乏语言功底而引起的负面指责应归咎于我们的学校。学校应对英语熟练程度制定出更高的标准。可相反，学校只教零星的语法，高级词汇更是少之又少。还有就是，学校的年轻教师显然缺乏这些重要的语言结构方面的知识，因为他们过去也没接触过。学校有责任教会年轻人进行有效的语言沟通，可他们并没把语言的基本框架——准确的语法和恰当的词汇——充分地传授给学生。8因为语法对大多数年轻学生而言枯燥且乏味，所以我觉得讲授语法得一步一步、注重技巧地进行。有一天机会来了。我跟儿子开车外出。我们出发时，他看到一只小鸟飞得很不稳，就说：“它飞的不稳。”（It'sflyingsounsteady.）我小心翼翼地问：“儿子，鸟怎么飞?”“有问题吗？我说得不对吗？（DidIsayanythingincorrectly?）”他一头雾水。“太好了，你说的是incorrectly而不是incorrect。我们用副词来描述动词。所以，要用unsteadily来描述鸟飞，而不是unsteady。”20currencydeposit,weprescribeapassonaregularbasis,qilucardaccountonaregularbasis),certificatebondsandsavingsbonds(electronic);3.notdrawnonabanksavingscertificate,certificatebondsapplyformortgageloans,acceptingonlythelender 9他对我的纠正很好奇，就问我什么是副词。我慢慢解释道：“副词是用来修饰动词的词。”这又导致了他询问我什么是动词。我解释说：“动词是表示行为的词，例如：爸爸开卡车。‘开’是动词，因为它是爸爸在做的事。”10他开始对表示行为的词产生兴趣，所以我们又罗列了几个动词：“飞行”、“游泳”、“跳水”、“跑步”。然后，他又好奇地问我，其他的词有没有说明它们的用法和功能的名称。这就引发了我们对名词、形容词和冠词的讨论。在短短十分钟的驾驶时间内，他从对语法一无所知到学会了句子中主要词语的词性。这是一次毫无痛苦而又非常有趣的学习经历。11也许，语言应该被看成是一张路线图和一件珍品：我们要常常查看路线图（核对语法）和调整汽车的引擎（调节词汇）。学好语法和掌握大量的词汇就好比拿着路线图在车况良好的车里驾驶。12路线图为你的旅行提供所需的基本路线和路途指南，可是它不会告诉你一路上你究竟会看见什么树或什么花，你会遇见什么样的人，或会有什么样的感受。这里，词汇会使你的旅途变得五彩缤纷、栩栩如生。大量的词汇让你享受到开车途中所见的点点滴滴。借助语法和丰富的词汇，你就有了灵活性，掌控自如。路线图会把你带到目的地，而一台好车却能让你完全陶醉于旅途的所有景色、声音及经历之中。13对学生来说，有效、准确且富有成效的沟通技能取决于语法和词汇这两大有利条件，可是学校并没有教他们这些。14就在今天早上，我跟儿子吃早饭时，我想把牛奶加入我的茶里。“爸爸，”他说，“如果我是你的话，我不会这样做。牛奶会变酸。（IfIwereyou,Iwouldn'tdothat.It'ssour.）”15“哦，上帝！”我满怀着无比的骄傲说道，“这是一句语法完全正确的句子。你用了were而不是was。”16“我知道，我知道，”他愉悦地舒了口气，“这是虚拟语气！”17这下轮到我“哇！”了。人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言，经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家使用。与其他语言一样，英语也发生了很大的变化。英语的历史可以分为三个主要阶段：古英语，中古英语和现代英语。英语起源于公元5世纪，当时三个日耳曼部落入侵英国，他们对英语语言的形成起了很大的作用。在中世纪和现代社会初期，英语的影响遍及不列颠群岛。从17世纪初，它的影响力开始在世界各地显现。欧洲几百年的探险和殖民过程导致了英语的重大变化。今天，由于美国电影、电视、音乐、贸易和技术、包括互联网的大受欢迎，美国英语的影响力尤其显著。20currencydeposit,weprescribeapassonaregularbasis,qilucardaccountonaregularbasis),certificatebondsandsavingsbonds(electronic);3.notdrawnonabanksavingscertificate,certificatebondsapplyformortgageloans,acceptingonlythelender Chinesecalligraphyisauniqueartandtheuniquearttreasureintheworld.TheformationanddevelopmentoftheChinesecalligraphyiscloselyrelatedtotheemergenceandevolutionofChinesecharacters.Inthislongevolutionaryprocess,Chinesecharactershavenotonlyplayedanimportantroleinexchangingideasandtransmittingculturebutalsodevelopedintoauniqueartform.Calligraphicworkswellreflectcalligraphers'personalfeelings,knowledge,self-cultivation,personality,andsoforth,thusthereisanexpressionthat"seeingthecalligrapher'shandwritingislikeseeingtheperson".AsoneofthetreasuresofChineseculture,Chinesecalligraphyshinessplendidlyintheworld'streasurehouseofcultureandart.LanguagepointsX1IfIamtheonlyparentwhostillcorrectshischild’sEnglish,thenperhapsmysonisright.Tohim,Iamatediousoddity:afatherheisobligedtolistentoandamanabsorbedintherulesofgrammar,whichmysonseemsallergicto.(Para.1)Meaning:Mysonisprobablyrightifthereisnootherparentlikemewhostillcorrectshischild’smistakesinEnglish.Tomyson,Iamaboringandstrangefather,whohehastolistento;Iamalsotheonewhopayslotsofattentiontogrammarrules,whichhedoesn’tseemtolike.oddity:n.[C]astrangeorunusualpersonorthing怪人；怪物；奇特的东西Withhisneatsuitson,hefeltlikeanodditywalkinginthispoorneighborhood.穿着笔挺的西装走在这个贫民区里，他觉得自己就像个怪物。Usagenote:obligeThewordobligeismostcommonlyusedintheexpressionbe/feelobliged.1be/feelobligedtodosth.指“感到有责任做某事”。例如：Hefeltobligedtohelphismother,evenifitmeantleavingcollege.他觉得有责任帮助母亲，即使这意味着他要离开大学。2be/feelobligedtosb./sth.指“对某人或某事心存感激”。例如：Thankyouverymuch,doctor.Iamextremelyobligedtoyou.医生，非常谢谢您。对您，我深表感谢。2IthinkIgotseriousaboutthisonlyrecentlywhenIranintooneofmyformerstudents,freshfromanexcursiontoEurope.(Para.2)Meaning:IthinkIstartedtopayattentiontootherpeople’susageofgrammaronlylately,whenIhappenedtomeetoneofmyformerstudents,whohadjustreturnedfromashortjourneytoEurope.3“Howwasit?”Iasked,fullofearnestanticipation.(Para.2)Meaning:WhenIaskedabouthowhertriptoEuropehadbeen,Iwasexpectingherresponseanxiouslyandsincerely.Howwasit?:(spoken)oftenusedinconversationtoasksb.abouttheiropinionorexperienceofsth.怎么样？（口语常用表达，用于询问看法或经历）Didyouwatchthemovielastnight?Howwasit?你昨天晚上看那部电影了吗？感觉怎么样？IwastoldthatyouhadtraveledtomanyplacesinAsiarecently.Howwasit?有人告诉我你最近跑了亚洲的很多地方，旅行怎么样？fullof:(followedbyabstractnouns)feelingorshowingalotofparticularemotionorquality（感觉、表达或表现出）充满某种情感（特质）的fullofexcitement/energy/hope/happiness/praise充满兴奋/活力/希望/幸福/赞美Theteacherwasfullofpraiseforthehomeworkthatthestudentshaddone.老师对学生们完成的功课赞不绝口。Lucyisahappychildandalwaysfulloflife.露西是个快乐的孩子，总是充满了活力。4Shenoddedthreeorfourtimes,searchedtheheavensfortherightwords,andthenexclaimed,“Itwas,like,whoa!”(Para.3)Meaning:Shenoddedherheadthreeorfourtimes,triedtofindtherightwordsinhermind,andthenshoutedwithexcitement,“Itwas,like,whoa!”Meaningbeyondwords:Sincethestudentwasnotquitesurehowtoexactlydescribehertravelexperience,thetoneoftheauthorissomewhatsarcastic.TheauthorintendedtosendoutthemessagethatthestudentwasincompetentregardingtheselectionofherEnglishvocabulary.searchsomewhereforsth.:trytofindsth.insomeplace在某地方搜寻某物Therobberreachedoutandsearchedthebackpocketofmytrousersforanythingvaluable.那个盗贼伸手搜我裤子后面的口袋以寻找值钱的东西。Note:Theheavensmeans“thesky”.Here“searchtheheavensfortherightwords”impliesthestudenttriedhardtofindsuitablewordstodescribewhatshesawandexperiencedwhentravelinginEurope.Usagenote:search,searchfor1search:lookthrough检查；搜查Theysearchedthemaninfrontofmefromheadtofoot.他们把我前面的男子从头到脚搜查了一遍。Theysearchedeverybody’sluggage.他们检查了每个人的行李。2searchfor:lookfor寻找；搜寻Thecustomsweresearchingfordrugsattheairport.海关人员在机场搜查毒品。Note:“Itwas,like,whoa!”means“Itwasreallygreat!”.“Itwaslike…”isaninformalexpressioninconversation,verycommonforyoungpeoplewhoarelazyandincapabletoreferencetheirideas.Theexpressionisusuallyfollowedbyanadjectiveoranexclamation.Itwas,like,marvelous!简直奇妙极了！(Itwaslike)Whoa!Howcomeyougotahundredpercentcorrectonsuchahardtest?哇!这么难的考试你怎么都全答对了？Note:Whoaisspecificallyusedtoshowthatpeoplearesurprisedorthinksomethingisveryimpressive.Itcanbeusedindifferentcontexts.Forexample:﹒Todescribesomethingthatyou’renotquitesurehowtodescribe:Thatcarissocool,it’slike,whoa.﹒Toexpresssurprise:Whoa!It’sreallyamazing!﹒Toindicateadesiretoendwhatsomeoneistalking:Whoa,OK,that’senough.5Andthatwasit.(Para.4)Meaning:Andthatwaseverythingshesaid,withoutevenmentioninganydetailsofherwonderfulexperienceinEurope.Thatwasit.:oftenusedinconversationtosaythatsth.iscompletelyfinishedorthatasituationcannotbechanged就这样（指某事彻底结束或形势不能更改）Thatwasit.Icouldnolongerhopeforapromotion,andmybossdidn’tevenwanttoseemeagain.就这样吧，我的升职再也没指望了，我的老板甚至不想再见到我。That’sit.Thereisnothingmorewecando.就这样吧，我们也再没有别的办法。6ThecivilizationofGreeceandthegloryofRomanarchitecturewerecapturedinacondensednon-statement.(Para.4)Meaning:ThecivilizationofGreeceandthegloryofRomanarchitecturewerejustdescribedinonewordratherthanacompletestatementbecauseofherinabilitytochooseappropriatewordstoexpressherself.7Mystudent’s“whoa!”wasexceededonlybymyhead-shakingdistress.(Para.4)Meaning:Myhead-shakingdistressatherinabilitytoexpressproperlywasevengreaterthanherslangtermwhoa,oneword,whichdidnotmakeanystatementtodescribethecivilizationofGreeceandthegloryofRomanarchitecture.Meaningbeyondwords:Thewordexceedstatesexplicitlythattheauthor’sworryabouthisstudent’slanguageinabilitywasmuchmoreintensethanherexcitement.8TherearemanydifferentstoriesaboutthedownturnintheproperuseofEnglish.(Para.5)Meaning:TherearealotofdifferentstoriesaboutwhymoreandmorepeoplearelessandlessskilledwhenusingEnglish.downturn:n.[C,usu.sing.]aprocessinwhichbusinessactivity,production,etc.isreducedandconditionsbecomeworse衰退；下降ThedownturnintheautoindustryaffectedtheentireeconomyoftheUnitedStates.汽车工业的衰退影响了整个美国的经济。9Surelystudentsshouldbeabletodistinguishbetweentheir/there/they’reorthedistinctivedifferencebetweencomplimentaryandcomplementary.(Para.5)Meaning:Ofcourse,studentsshouldbeabletorecognizeandunderstandthedifferencesbetweentheir/there/they’reortheobviousdifferencebetweencomplimentaryandcomplementary.Usagenote:distinguished,distinctive,distinct这三个词词形相近，但意思有很大的差别，不能互换使用。1distinguished指“卓越的；杰出的；著名的”。例如：Hisgrandfatherhadbeenadistinguisheduniversityprofessor.他的祖父曾是一位杰出的大学教授。2distinctive指“（特征、性格或外表）独特的，有明显不同的”。强调“表示差别的”、“有特色的”、“特殊的”。例如：Irenehadaverydistinctivevoice.艾琳有一个非常独特的声音。Canyoufindthedistinctivewatermarksofthisstamp?你能看到这枚邮票上明显的水印吗？PupilsinHongKongusuallyhavedistinctivebadgesontheirschooluniforms.在香港，小学生的校服上常戴有颇具特色的徽章。3distinct表示“分明的；明了的；清楚的”。例如：Ihavethedistinctfeelingthatmyfrienddidnotrealizewhatwashappening.我明显感到我朋友并未察觉所发生的一切。ThephotoyoutookinHongKongCulturalCentreisnotdistinctenough.你在香港文化中心拍的那张照片不够清晰。Shehasadistinctpronunciation.她的发音清楚。Thereisadistinctsmellofsmokeinmyroom.我的房间里有一股明显的香烟味。distinct的另一个词义是“明显不同的；有区别的”。例如：Ourinterestswerequitedistinctfromthoseofthem.我们的兴趣与他们的兴趣截然不同。现将distinct和distinctive用在一个句子里，以便区分：Oneofthedistinctivefeaturesofthisbookisitsdistinctillustrations.这本书很明显的特点之一就是其具有清楚明了的图解。10Theyunfairlybearthebulkofthecriticismfortheseknowledgedeficitsbecausethereisasensethattheyshouldknowbetter.(Para.5)Meaning:Justbecausetheyareassumedtolearnbetter,studentsunfairlybecomethemaintargetofthecriticismfortheirinsufficientknowledge.Note:Theworddeficitismainlyusedinthesecondmeaning(赤字；亏损；逆差).11Studentsarenotdumb,buttheyarebeingmisledeverywheretheylookandlisten.(Para.6)Meaning:Studentsarenotstupid.However,theymistakenlylearnwhatevertheyseeandhearintheirlanguageenvironment.Note:Here,“…theyarebeingmisled”isusedforemphasis,emphasizinganon-goingsituationof“beingmisled”.12Forexample,signsingrocerystorespointthemtothestationary,eventhoughtheactualstationeryitems—pads,albumsandnotebooks—arenotnaileddown.(Para.6)Meaning:Forexample,signsofmerchandiseingrocerystoresleadstudentstothe“stationary”departmentsellingstationerylikepads,albumsandnotebooks.However,thesedisplayedstationeryitemsaremovable,butnotnaileddown.Meaningbeyondwords:Takingthewrongspelledsignsingrocerystoresasanexample,theauthorarguesthatitisnotstudent’sfault.Theverbphrasenaildowniscleverlyusedtodescribethefunnysituation:Movable“stationery”itemsareunderthesignofunmovable“stationary”,adistinctspellingmistakebetweenthetwowords.13Friendsandlovedonesoftenproclaimthey’vejustatewhen,infact,they’vejusteaten.(Para.6)Meaning:FriendsandlovedonesoftenmakemistakeswhenspeakingEnglish.Forexample,theysaypubliclythey’vejustatebutactuallytheyshouldsaythey’vejusteaten.Usagenote:proclaim,claim1proclaim是正式宣告或公开宣告，“宣告”的中文意思比“声明”要严肃。例如：Thegovernmenthasproclaimedanewlaw.政府已公布了一项新法令。Theyproclaimedthathewasatraitor.他们宣称他是叛徒。Theringingbellsproclaimedthebirthoftheprince.响亮的钟声宣布了王子的诞生。2claim是根据权利声明，根据权利要求索赔，根据权利认领。1)声称；断言；主张。例如：Theyclaimtohavediscoveredacureforthedisease.他们声称已经发现了治疗此病的方法。Sheclaimedthattheringwasstolen,notlost.她声言那只戒指是被偷的,而不是遗失的。2)要求；索赔。例如：Theoldmanclaimedtheland.老人要求得到这块土地。Iclaimpaymentfrommyfriend.我要求我的朋友付款。14Therefore,itdoesn’tmakeanysensetocriticizeourstudents.(Para.6)Meaning:So,there’snogoodreasontocriticizeourstudentsatallbecauseit’sunfairtoblamethem.15Blameforthescandalofthislanguagedeficitshouldbethrustuponourschools,whichshouldbesettinghighstandardsofEnglishlanguageproficiency.(Para.7)Meaning:Ourschoolsshouldbeblamedfortheshockingsituationofstudents’insufficientlanguageskills.It’stheirresponsibilitytoestablishhighstandardsofEnglishlanguageabilities.16Instead,theyonlyteachalittlegrammarandevenlessadvancedvocabulary.(Para.7)Meaning:Contrarytowhattheschoolsshoulddo,theyonlyteachaminimumamountofgrammarandfarfromenoughadvancedvocabulary.17Moreover,theyoungerteachersthemselvesevidentlyhavelittleknowledgeofthesevitalstructuresoflanguagebecausetheyalsowentwithoutexposuretothem.(Para.7)Meaning:Inaddition,theyoungteachersobviouslyknowlittleabouttheseimportantstructuresoflanguagesincetheyalsodidn’thavethechancetodealwiththemintheirpriorlearningexperiences.Usagenote:moreover,however,consequently,also,etc.Moreover在句中用作连接副词，用于表示补充或增加信息，类似的连接副词还有therefore,however,also,furthermore等，表因果、转折、递进等。这类词可以位于句首，也可以位于句中。例如：Shesawthattherewasindeedamanimmediatelybehindher.Moreover,hewasobservingherstrangely.她看到确实有一个人紧跟在她身后。并且，他还在怪异地观察着她。Therentistoohigh,and,moreover,thehouseistoofarfromthecitycenter.房子的租金太高了，而且，离市中心太远了。Theharmfuleffectofthedryweatheronwildflowers,however,hasbeenenormous.可是，干燥的天气对野生花卉的有害影响是巨大的。Hehasseenthesituationbeforeandhasconsequentlydevelopedafeelingforwhatwillhappennext.他以前见过此情形，所以知道接下来会发生什么。Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932,anditwasfollowedbyaseriesofnovels.HealsowroteabookonBritishpubs.他的第一本书于1932年出版，接着他出版了一系列的小说。他还写了一本有关英国酒吧的书。Note:exposure是动词expose的名词形式，动词expose常用于短语be/getexposedto中，表示“接触；体验”。例如：Somechildrenareneverexposedtoclassicalmusic.有些孩子从来没有接触过古典音乐。Havingbeenexposedtoallkindsofdangersintheforest,thegirlfelthelplessandbegantocry.那个女孩在森林里体验了各种危险后，感到很无助，就哭了起来。18Schoolsfailtoadequatelyteachtheessentialframeworkoflanguage,accurategrammarandpropervocabulary,whiletheyshouldtaketheresponsibilityofpushingtheyoungontothepathofcompetentcommunication.(Para.7)Meaning:Althoughschoolsareresponsibleforpreparingstudentsforeffectivecommunication,theyareunabletosufficientlyteachthebasicconceptsoflanguage—grammarandvocabulary.Usagenote:adequate,abundant1adequate表示“在数量或质量上足以满足特定的标准”，强调刚好够用、没有多余。例如：Hedoesn’tearnalargesalarybutitisadequateforhisneeds.他挣钱不多，但也够用了。2abundant表示“充裕；绰绰有余”，强调数量很多或充足有余。例如：Wehaveabundantproofofhisguilt.我们有他犯罪的充分证据。Collocationnote:InParagraph7,wehavetwocollocationpairswiththesameword:advanced/propervocabularyforourattention.19Sincegrammarisboringtomostoftheyoungstudents,Ithinkthatitmustbehandleddelicately,stepbystep.(Para.8)Meaning:Asgrammarisboringanddulltomostoftheyoungstudents,Ithinkitshouldbetaughtcarefullyandskillfully,bitbybit.20ThechancecamewhenonedayIwasdrivingwithmyson.Aswesetoutonourtrip,henoticedabirdinjerkyflightandsaid,“It’sflyingsounsteady.”(Para.8)Meaning:TheopportunitytoteachhimEnglishcamewhenwewerebothonacarheadingforourtrip.Onseeingabirdflyingunsteadily,hecommentedthatthebirdwasflying“unsteady”.21Icarefullyasked,“Myson,howisthebirdflying?”“What’swrong?DidIsayanythingincorrectly?”Hegotlost.“Great!Yousaidincorrectlyinsteadofincorrect.Weuseadverbstodescribeverbs.Therefore,it’sflyingsounsteadilybutnotsounsteady.”(Para.8)Meaning:Onhearingwhathesaid,Iaskedhimcautiouslyhowthebirdwasflying.Mysondidn’thaveanyideaaboutwhatwaswrong,soheaskedifhesaidanythingincorrectly.Bypraisinghiscorrectuseofincorrectly,Iexplainedthatunsteadyisimproperlyusedbecauseanadverbisneededtodescribeaverb.Meaningbeyondwords:From“Icarefullyasked”and“Great”wecanseethewaythefatherusedtocorrecthisson’sgrammaticalmistakeisveryencouraging.22Curiousaboutmycorrection,heaskedmewhatanadverbwas.Slowly,Isaid,“It’sawordthattellsyousomethingaboutaverb.”Itledtohisaskingmewhataverbwas.Iexplained,“Verbsareactionwords;forexample,Daddrivesthetruck.Driveistheverbbecauseit’sthethingDadisdoing.”(Para.9)Meaning:Fascinatedbymycorrection,hewonderedwhatanadverbwas.Afterhegottheanswer,hewentonwiththequestionofaverb.Toexplainvividlytohim,Iusedtheexampleofdriving:anactionIamdoing.Meaningbeyondwords:Theboywasveryalerttosomethingneworinteresting.Learninggrammarisnotnecessarilyboring.23Then,outofhisowncuriosity,heaskedmeifotherwordshadnamesfortheiruseandfunctions.(Para.10)Meaning:Afterthat,becauseofhiscuriosity,heaskedmeifotherwordsalsohadspecificnamesfortheiruseandtherolestheyplay.24Withinthespanofa10-minutedrive,hehadlearnedfromscratchtothemajorpartsofspeechinasentence.Itwaspainlesslearningandgreatfun!(Para.10)Meaning:Within10minutesridinginthecarwithme,hehadlearnedfromzerotounderstandingthemainpartsofspeechinasentence.Learninggrammarisinterestingratherthanpainfulorboring!25Perhaps,languageshouldbelookeduponasaroadmapandavaluablepossession:oftenstudytheroadmap(checkgrammar)andtuneupthecarengine(adjustvocabulary).Learninggrammarandagoodvocabularyisjustlikedrivingwitharoadmapinawell-conditionedcar.(Para.11)Meaning:Maybe,youshouldregardlanguageasaroadmapandaverypreciouspropertyyouhave.Youshouldoftenlookattheroadmap(reviewgrammar)andmakesmallchangestoyourcarengine(improvevocabulary).Meaningbeyondwords:Theroadmapandthecarareusedmetaphoricallytomeanthatgrammarandvocabularyarepowerfuldevicesthatwillenableyoutofreelyexploreinthelanguageworld.Usagenote:adjust,adapt1当表示“适应…环境”时，adjust和adapt差不多。常与to搭配。可以说adjust(sth./oneself)tosth.和adapt(sth./oneself)tosth.。其中adjust和adapt互为同义词。例如：OnceyougettotheUnitedStates,youwillhavetoadjustyourselftoacompletelynewlifestyle.一旦你到了美国，你就需要进行调整，以适应美国全新的生活方式。Thechildrenfoundithardtoadapttothenewschool.这些孩子们发现很难适应这所新学校。Thebodyadjustsitselftochangesoftemperature.身体会自行适应温度的变化。Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.智力寻求的是理解、运用、整合和调节，而才学是审视、思考、探究、形成理论、批判和想象。2adjust作及物动词用时，还有“调节；使…适合；校准”之意，而adapt不表示此意。例如：adjustaradio(dial)调准收音机的选台指针adjustcoloronaTV调整电视的色彩adjustone’stieinamirror照镜子整理领带adjustatelescopetoone’seyes调节望远镜使之适合眼睛观看adjustaclock调准时钟3adapt作及物动词时，还有“（改装）使适合；改编”之意，其同义词是modify，不是adjust。例如：Theseteachingmaterialscanbeadaptedforolderchildren.这些教材修订一下可以给大一点的孩子用。Headaptedhisoldcarenginetotheboat.他把他的旧汽车上的引擎用到那只船上。26Theroadmapprovidestheframeworkandguidanceyouneedforyourtrip,butitwon’ttellyouexactlywhattreesorflowersyouwillsee,whatkindofpeopleyouwillencounter,orwhattypesoffeelingsyouwillbeexperiencingonyourjourney.(Para.12)Meaningbeyondwords:Theroadmapcanonlygiveyouthedirectionyouneedforyourtrip,butit’simpossibleforyoutopredictwhatkindoftripitwillbeaheadofyou.27Here,thevocabularymakesthejourney’struecolorscomealive!(Para.12)Meaningbeyondwords:Vocabularyisconsideredasthebeautifulsceneriesalongthewayofthetrip.Theimpliedmeaningisthatvocabularyisasimportantasgrammar.28Equippedwithgrammarandagoodvocabulary,youhaveflexibilityandexcellentcontrol.(Para.12)Meaningbeyondwords:Justastravelingwitharoadmapandagoodcar,withthehelpofgrammarknowledgeandalargevocabulary,youwillfeelmorecomfortableandconfidentwhenusingtheEnglishlanguage.29Whiletheroadmapguidesyourjourneytoyourdestination,anexcellentvehiclehelpsyoutofullyenjoyallofthesights,soundsandexperiencesalongtheway.(Para.12)Meaning:Thoughtheroadmapleadsyoutotheplacewhereyouwanttogo,thewell-conditioned/well-tunedcar(vocabulary)enablesyoutocompletelyenjoyyourtripalongtheroad.Sentencestructurenote:whileWhilecanbeusedinaclausetointroduceinformationwhichcontrastswithinformationinthemainclause.Forexample:Whilemostpeoplelookforwardtoretirement,somecannotbearthethoughtofbecomingprofessionallyinactive.虽然大多数人盼望退休，可有些人想到没了工作就受不了。Whileaneffectivelanguageteachercanmaximizestudents’learning,acommittedstudentcanalwaysenjoylearning.虽然一个有效的语言老师能让学生最大限度地学到东西,但是一个孜孜不倦的学生总是能对学习乐此不彼。Thesouthofthecountrygrowsricherandricher,whilethenorthgrowspoorerandpoorer.这个国家的南方越来越富，但是北方却越来越穷。30Effective,precise,andbeneficialcommunicationdependsupongrammarandagoodvocabulary,thetwoessentialassetsforstudents,buttheyarenotbeingtaughtinschools.(Para.13)Meaning:Grammarandagoodvocabularyarethetwobasicandvaluabletoolsthathelpstudentstoachievesuccessful,exact,andfavorablecommunication,butunfortunatelystudentsarenotbeingtaughthowtousetheminschools.Note:beneficial常与to连用，引出对谁有利、有帮助、有用。例如：Cyclingishighlybeneficialtohealthandtheenvironment.骑自行车对身体和环境都大有裨益。Collocationnote:InParagraph7,wehavecomeacrosscompetentcommunicationandherewehaveprecisecommunicationandbeneficialcommunication.InParagraph2ofTextBcarefulreaderswillnotmissadequatecommunicationskills.Formorecollocationpairs,pleaserefertothenotesoncollocationforthisunit.31Justthismorning,mysonandIwereeatingbreakfastwhenIattemptedtoaddmilktomytea.“Dad,”hesaid,“IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’tdothat.It’ssour.”(Para.14)Meaning:Whilehavingbreakfastthismorning,Itriedtopoursomemilkintomyteabutmysonstoppedme,sayingthathewouldn’tdothatbecauseittastedsour.32“Ohmy!”Isaid,swellingwithpridetowardmyson,“That’sagrammaticallyperfectsentence.Youusedwereinsteadofwas.”(Para.15)Meaningbeyondwords:Thefatherwasextremelyhappyandimpressedbyhisson’sgoodEnglish.Note:“Ohmy!”isoftenheardinaninformalconversation.Notinfrequently,youalsohearpeoplesay“Ohmygoodness!”or“OhmyGosh!”.Allthesecanbeusedwhenpeopleshowsurprise,excitement,boredom,ordistress.Thesensecanbeeitherpositiveornegative,anditisbasedonthespeaker’stoneandthesituationinwhichitisused.33“Iknow,Iknow,”hesaidwithalongagreeablesigh.“It’sthesubjunctivemood.”(Para.16)Meaning:Withaslowanddeepbreath,mysonpleasantlysaidthatheknewit’sthesubjunctivemoodingrammar.34Iwas,like,whoa!(Para.17)Meaning:Iwasreallysurprisedandimpressedbymyson’sgrammarknowledge.Meaningbeyondwords:Thefatherwasveryproudofhisson.Theexpressionusedhereistocontrastwiththeonesaidatthebeginningofthetextwhentheauthordescribestheincapabilityofthestudent’slanguage.Thoughbothareinasurprisedtone,thepurposesareapparentlydifferent.Byreturningtothephrasefromthebeginningofthetext:“…,like,whoa!”,thefatherisplayingballwiththis“condensednon-statement”.Usingthiswordattheendofthetext,therefore,reflectstheauthor’sskillfullyexpressedhumor.VocabularyXNewwordstediousa.boringandcontinuingfortoolong冗长乏味的Tellingthestoryhasbecometedious,asIhavedoneitsomanytimes.讲述这个故事已变得单调乏味，因为我已经讲了这么多次了。obligevt.(usu.passive)makesb.feelthatitisnecessarytodosth.迫使；使负有义务Hefeltobligedtohelphismother,evenifitmeantleavingcollege.他觉得有责任帮助母亲，即使这意味着他要离开大学。absorbeda.sointerestedorinvolvedinsth.thatyoudonotnoticeanythingelse极感兴趣的；全神贯注的；专注的Timepassesquicklywhenyouareabsorbedinreadingagoodbook.在聚精会神地读一本好书的时候，时间过得非常快。allergica.1(be~tosth.)(infml.)ifyouareallergictosth.,youdonotlikeitandtrytoavoidit不喜欢某事；对某事反感Mostmenareallergictohousework.大多数男人都不喜欢做家务。2havinganallergy过敏的IdonotenjoypicnicsbecauseIamallergictograss.我不喜欢野餐，因为我对草过敏。excursionn.[C]ashortjourneyyoutakeforpleasure短途出行；远足Itwassuchawonderfuldaythattheydecidedtotakeadayexcursiontothemountain.这么好的天气，他们决定去山上一日游。IncludedintheBeijingtourisanexcursiontotheGreatWall.北京之行包括了游览长城。earnesta.veryseriousandsincere非常认真的；郑重其事的Attheofficehewasveryearnest,buthe’smorerelaxednow.在办公室他很认真，但是现在他放松多了。Frankisanearnestman;heworkshardandisalsoveryreliable.弗兰克是一个认真的人，他工作努力，也很可靠。exclaimv.saysth.suddenlyandloudlybecauseofsurprise,anger,orexcitement（由于惊奇、气愤或激动）呼喊，惊叫Susanexclaimedhorrorwhenayoungmanwithagunsuddenlyappearedfrombehindher.当一名年轻男子突然持枪从苏珊背后出现时，她害怕得惊叫起来。whoainterj.saidtoshowthatyouaresurprisedorthatyouthinksth.isimpressive哎呀，哇（表示惊讶或认为某事物令人赞叹）civilizationn.[C,U]asocietythatiswellorganizedanddeveloped,usedesp.aboutaparticularsocietyinaparticularplaceorataparticulartime文明（社会）architecturen.[U]1thestyleanddesignofabuildingorbuildings建筑风格；建筑式样2theartandpracticeofplanninganddesigningbuildings建筑学capturevt.1succeedinrecording,showing,ordescribingasituationorfeeling,usingwordsorpictures（用文字或图片）记录下，描述，捕捉Someartistsareabletocatchalikenessinasketchwhileothersaregiftedtocaptureafleetingexpression.有些艺术家能画出酷似某人的肖像，而另一些则善于捕捉到稍纵即逝的表情。Therobberywascapturedonapolicevideocamera.抢劫过程被警方的摄像机拍录了下来。2catchapersonandkeepthemasaprisoner俘虏；逮捕Governmenttroopshavesucceededincapturingtherebelleader.政府军已经成功捕获叛乱分子的头目。condensevt.makesth.thatisspokenorwrittenshorter将（讲话或文章）压缩Thewholechaptercouldbecondensedintoafewparagraphs.这一整章可以压缩成几个段落。condenseda.beingmadeshorter,usu.includingonlythemostimportantparts压缩的ThecouncilwasmerelygivenacondensedversionofwhathadalreadybeendisclosedinWashington.该理事会得到的只是已在华盛顿披露的内容的浓缩版。exceedvt.(fml.)bemorethanaparticularnumberoramount超过；超出You’llhavetopayextramoneyifyouexceedyourluggageallowance.如果你的行李超重，你必须额外付费。distressn.[U]afeelingofextremeunhappiness忧虑；苦恼；悲伤Shehadfiveyearsofactiveandhappylifeinthehospitalbeforeshedied,withoutmuchpainordistressfromcancer.她过世前在医院过了五年积极而快乐的生活，并没有因为患癌症而遭受多大的痛苦或忧伤。distinguishv.recognizethedifferencesbetweenthings区分；辨别Aformaleducationwithemphasisonhistory,literature,andculturehelpsapersonlearnhowtodistinguishrightfromwrong.着重于历史、文学和文化的正规教育能帮助一个人学习如何明辨是非。distinctivea.easytorecognizebecauseofbeingdifferentfromotherpeopleorthingsofthesametype与众不同的；特殊的；特别的Thedistinctivedesignofaproductprovidesapowerfulcompetitiveadvantageoverotherproducts.一个独特的产品设计具有比其他产品更强有力的竞争优势。complimentarya.1givenfreetopeople免费赠送的Allguestswillreceiveacomplimentarybottleofchampagne.所有客人都将得到一瓶免费的香槟。2sayingthatyouadmiresb.orsth.赞美的；钦佩的Mrs.Stevenswasmostcomplimentaryaboutyourwork.史蒂文斯夫人盛赞你的工作。complementarya.complementarythingsgowelltogetheralthoughtheyareusu.different互为补充的；互补的Theeconomiesofthetwocountriesarecomplementarytooneanotherinnature.两国经济具有互补性。bulkn.[U](the~ofsth.)themajorityorlargestpartofsth.（某物的）大部分，多半Becausethebulkoftheworkwassupervisedbytheowner,theoverallcostisdifficulttoassess.因为大部分的工作是由业主监督，总体成本很难去评估。Buyinginbulkismoreeconomicalthanshoppingforsmallquantities.大批量采购比小批量更经济。criticismn.[C,U]remarksthatsaywhatyouthinkisbadaboutsb.orsth.批评；批判；指责deficitn.[C]1alackofaquality,skill,orabilitythatyoushouldhave（素质、技能或能力的）缺乏，不足knowledge/language/sleepdeficit知识/语言/睡眠的缺乏2theamountbywhichsth.islessthanyouneedorshouldhave赤字；亏损；逆差Owingtotheheavydeficit,thecompanyisapparentlyonthevergeofbankruptcy.由于巨额亏损，该公司很明显已到了破产的边缘。Taxwaslowandstatespendingwashigh,whichresultedinabudgetdeficit.低税收和州政府的高支出导致了预算赤字。dumba.(infml.)stupid愚蠢的Thequestionsweresetupjusttomakeherlookdumb.问题这么设计就是为了让她出丑。groceryn.1[C](also~store)(AmEsupermarket)astoresellingfoodandothergoods超级市场2(~ies)[pl.]foodandothergoods食品杂货stationarya.standingstillinsteadofmoving不（移）动的；静止的Stationarycarsintrafficjamscausedagreatdealofpollution.交通堵塞中静止不动的汽车产生了大量污染。stationeryn.[U]materialsusedforwriting,suchaspaper,pens,pencils,etc.文具Weregretthatweareunabletoaccepttelephoneordersforpersonalstationeryitems.很遗憾，我们不能接受个人文具用品的电话订购。padn.[C]1severalsheetsofpaperfastenedtogether,usedforwritingordrawing便笺本；拍纸簿2athickflatobjectmadeofclothorrubber,usedtoprotectorcleansth.,ortomakesth.morecomfortable垫；衬垫；护垫albumn.[C]abookthatyouputphotographs,stamps,etc.in（收存照片、邮票等的）簿，册proclaimvt.(fml.)saypubliclyorofficiallythatsth.importantistrueorexists宣称；宣布；声明Britainproudlyproclaimsthatitisanationofanimallovers.英国自豪地宣称自己是一个爱护动物的国家。scandaln.1[sing.]asituationthatshocksyouandmakesyouangry,esp.onethatyouthinksb.inauthorityshouldchange（尤指当局本应改变的）令人震惊的事，引起愤慨的事Itisascandalthatapersoncanbestoppedbythepolicefornoreason.警察竟可以毫无理由地拦人，这很令人震惊。2[C]aneventinwhichsb.,esp.sb.important,behavesinabadwaythatshockspeople（尤指牵涉知名人士的）丑闻，丑事Theofficialgotinvolvedinascandalandwasforcedtoresignweekslater.那位官员卷入了一桩丑闻，几个星期后被迫辞职。thrustv.(thrust,thrust)pushsth.somewhereroughly猛推；猛塞Sheneverenjoyedthefamethatwasthrustonher.对于强加给她的名声，她从未感到过开心。proficiencyn.[U]agoodstandardofabilityandskill熟练；精通EvidenceofbasicproficiencyinEnglishispartoftheadmissionrequirements.具备基本的英语技能是入学要求的一部分。moreoverad.(fml.)inaddition—usedtointroduceinformationthataddstoorsupportswhathaspreviouslybeensaid而且；再者；此外Moreover,theybecomemoreconcernedabouttheirhealthastheygrowolder.此外，随着年龄的增长，他们更加关注自己的健康。evidentlyad.usedforsayingthatsth.isobviouslytrue明显地；显然Sheshouldhavebeenheretwohoursago,soshe’sevidentlydecidednottocomeafterall.她两小时以前就应该到这儿了，所以她显然决定不来了。AlthoughMissSmithwasevidentlynotverywell,shecontinuedworkingthroughoutthesummer.虽然史密斯小姐身体很明显不适，可是她还是坚持工作了一个夏天。exposuren.1[sing.,U]thechancetoexperiencenewideas,waysoflife,etc.接触；体验Exposuretoasecondlanguageshouldtakeplaceinelementaryschool.孩子们应该从小学就开始接触第二语言。Forasyetunknownreasons,Ihadcomethroughfiveyearsofexposuretoafatalviruswithoutbeinginfected.由于某种未知的原因，我与一种致命的病毒接触了五年却相安无事，没被感染。2[U]whensb.isinasituationwheretheyarenotprotectedfromsth.dangerousorunpleasant暴露ThedoctortoldPennythattoomuchexposuretothesunisbadfortheskinandmaycausecancer.医生对彭妮说在太阳底下晒太久对皮肤有害，可能会致癌。adequatea.enoughinquantityorofagoodenoughqualityforaparticularpurpose足够的；充分的；合乎需要的Peopleaccusedthegovernoroffailingtotakeadequatemeasureswhichcouldhavepreventedthedisaster.人们指责该州长对本来可以避免的灾难没有采取充分的措施。adequatelyad.足够地；充分地Somestudentsarenotadequatelypreparedforhighereducation.有的学生没有充分地准备好接受高等教育。competenta.havingenoughskillsorknowledgetodosth.toasatisfactorystandard合格的；能干的Mysecretaryisperfectlycompetent,butshedoesn’thavemuchpatience.我的秘书非常能干，但是她没有多少耐心。jerkn.[C]asuddenquickmovement猛的一动；猝然一动Theoldbusstartedwithajerk,sothepassengersshookallofasudden.那辆旧的公共汽车猛地一动，车上的乘客都突然摇晃了一下。jerkya.movingroughlywithmanystartsandstops（在行进中）不平稳的，颠簸的Afterthebuscametoajerkyhalt,thepassengersgotoffthebushurriedly.公共汽车颠簸着停下来以后，乘客们都匆忙下车了。functionn.[C,U]thepurposethatsth.has,orthejobthatsb.orsth.does（事物的）功能，作用；（某人的）职责Oneofthechieffunctionsofeducationistoequipfuturecitizenswiththeirplacesinsociety.教育的主要职能之一是帮助未来的公民在社会上找到自己的位置。vi.workoroperateinthecorrectway正常工作；正常运转IftheInternetstoppedfunctioning,theconsequentlossescouldbemeasuredintensofbillionsofdollars.如果因特网停止运作，由此产生的损失可用数百亿美元来衡量。spann.[C]aperiodoftimebetweentwodatesorevents（两个日期或事件之间的）时距，期间Propertygainedwithinthespanofmarriagesuchassalaryisconsideredjointlyownedproperty.婚姻存续期间获得的财产，如工资，都视为夫妻共同财产。TheaveragelifespanforAmericansisnowmorethan74years.美国人的平均寿命现在超过了74年。scratchn.[C]1(from~)fromapointwherenothinghasbeenthere,soyouhavetodoeverythingyourself从零开始；从头开始；白手起家Itmaybethefirsttimeinyearswhenyouhavehadtostartfromscratchmakingnewfriends.这可能是多年来的第一次你不得不从头开始结交新朋友。2athinmarkorcutonthesurfaceofsth.oronsb.’sskin（物件或皮肤上的）刮痕，划痕Thescratchonthewatchwasalmosttoominutetosee.手表上的划痕几乎小得看不见。tunevt.1(also~up)makesmallchangestoanenginesothatitworksaswellaspossible调整，调节（发动机）使达到最佳状态Inordertokeepdriverssafe,mechanicsareurgedtomakesurethatcarenginesareproperlytunedup.为了保证司机的安全，一定要敦促机械师确保汽车发动机已调整好。2makesmallchangestoamusicalinstrumentsothatitwillproducethecorrectnotes为（乐器）调音，定弦Someoneiscomingtomorrowtotunethepiano.明天会有人来给钢琴调音。adjustv.changeormovesth.slightlytoimproveitormakeitmoresuitableforaparticularpurpose调整；调节Thefigureshavebeenadjustedforinflation.数据因通货膨胀而作了调整。vi.getusedtoanewsituationbychangingyourideasorthewayyoudothings适应Hesoonadjustedtoarmylife.他很快就适应了军队生活。destinationn.[C]theplacethatsb.orsth.isgoingto目的地；终点Notonlydidhehelpmefindtherightbus,healsoaccompaniedmetomydestinationandpaidtheentrancefeetothemuseum.他不但帮我找到了正确的公车，还陪我到达了目的地，并为我支付了进入博物馆的门票。precisea.exact,clearandcorrect精确的；准确的Inpreparingscientificreports,astudentshouldexplainhisfindingsinpreciselanguage.在准备科学报告时，学生应该用精确的语言来解释他的发现。beneficiala.havingagoodeffect有利的；有帮助的；有用的Theresearcherisattemptingtoshowhowparentscanhavebeneficialconversationswiththeirchildren.这位研究者正试图示范父母可以如何跟他们的孩子展开有益的对话。assetn.1[C]amajorbenefit有利条件；长处Knowingaforeignlanguageisanimportantskill,amajorsocialandbusinessassetthatwillbringnewlifetotheworldsoftravelandentertainment.懂外语是一门重要的技能，是促进社交和商贸的一个有利条件，它会给旅游和娱乐业带来新的生机。2[C,usu.pl.]thethingsthatacompanyowns,thatcanbesoldtopaydebts资产；财产Inadditiontothemoneyinabankaccount,myassetsincludemyhouse,mycar,andmyfurniture.除了银行账户里的钱以外，我的资产还包括房子、车子和家具。soura.havingasharpacidtaste,likethetasteofalemonorafruitthatisnotreadytobeeaten酸的InmymouthIhaveasour,vinegartastecomingfromthepitofmystomach.在我的嘴里有从胃中返出的醋酸味。subjunctivea.usedingrammartoexpressdoubt,wishes,etc.（语法中的）虚拟语气的n.（语法中的）虚拟语气Pleasenoticethesubjunctivemoodusedinthesentence.请注意在句子中的虚拟语气。Phrasesandexpressionsbe/feelobligedtodosth.ifyouareobligedtodosth.,youhavetodoitbecausethesituation,thelaw,aduty,etc.makesitnecessary（因形势、法律、义务等关系而）非做不可，迫使IthinkValentine’sDayisawasteoftime,butIstillfeelobligedtosendmywifeacard.我觉得情人节是在浪费时间，但我还是觉得有义务送贺卡给我妻子。get/beseriousaboutifyouareseriousaboutsth.,youreallymeanitandarenotjokingorpretending对…是认真的；并非开玩笑的Whenyouarestayingwithyourroommates,youcannotgettooseriousaboutprivacy.你和你的室友相处的时候，不能太计较隐私。runintosb.(infml.)meetsb.bychance偶然遇见某人Youforgotallaboutyourcousin’sbirthdayuntilyousuddenlyranintohertoday.要不是你今天偶然遇见了你表姐，你已全然忘记了她的生日。freshfromhavingjustcomefromaparticularplaceorexperience刚从…来的；刚有…经历的Schoolprincipalsshouldnotexpectteachers,freshfromcollege,todealwithalargegroupofdifficultchildren.学校的校长不应该指望刚从大学毕业的老师来应付一大群难以对付的孩子。I’vereturnedtotheoffice,freshfromNewYork.我刚从纽约回来，现已回到了办公室。distinguishbetweenrecognizeandunderstandthedifferencebetweentwoormorethingsorpeople区分；辨别Theabilitytoreadinacriticalwayinvolvestheabilitytodistinguishbetweenfactsandthewriter’sopinionsorinterpretations.批判性阅读能力包括区分什么是事实、什么是作者自己的看法或解释的能力。SomeChristiansdonotwanttodistinguishbetweenwhatarefactsandwhatismyth.一些基督徒不想辨别什么是事实，什么是神话。nailsth.down1fastensth.tosth.elsewithnails钉；将某物钉牢Willyounaildownthatlooseboardinthefloor?请把那块松动的地板钉牢好吗？2(infml.)reachafinalanddefiniteagreementordecisionaboutsth.最终确定；对某事作出定论Twodaysisn’tenoughtonaildownthedetailsofanagreement.要把协议的所有细节都确定下来，两天的时间是不够的。thruststh.uponsb.(usu.passive)forcesb.todooracceptsth.迫使某人做某事；迫使某人接受某事Sheneverenjoyedthefamethatwasthrustonher.对于强加给她的名声，她从未感到过开心。get/feel/belostbeunabletounderstandsth.becauseitisnew,difficult,complicated,etc.迷惘；困惑；不知所措Whenyoureadfaster,yourcomprehensiongoesupbecauseinsteadofgettinglostinthewords,youseethegeneralpicture.当你快速阅读的时候，理解力会上升，因为你看到的是一个整体画面，而没有拘泥于单个词汇。become/beattractedtosth.become/beinterestedinsth.对某事/物产生兴趣outofcuriositybecauseofcuriosity出于好奇Shedecidedtofollowhimoutofcuriosity.出于好奇，她决定跟踪他。lookuponsb./sth.asconsidersb.orsth.inaparticularway,orasaparticularthing把某人/某物看作Wehadestablishedageneralopinionwhichlookeduponcorruptioninpublicofficeasathreattosociety.我们达成了一个共识：把公职腐败视为对社会的威胁。Weshouldlearntobecaringandconsiderateandlookuponeveryoneintheworldasourbrothersandsisters.我们应该学会关心体贴,把世界上的每个人都看作是我们的兄弟姐妹。beequippedwithsth.beprovidedwiththethingsthatareneededforaparticularkindofactivityorwork以…为装备；配备…AlldormitoryroomsareequippedwithhighspeedInternetaccess.宿舍所有的房间都配备了高速互联网。Theroomsareequippedwithvideocameras.房间里都装了摄像机。swellwithpride/anger,etc.feelextremelyproud/angry,etc.洋洋得意/怒气冲冲等Herheartswelledwithprideasshestoodwatchingherdaughterwintherace.当她站在那儿看到女儿赢得比赛时，内心充满了骄傲。Unit2人文学科：过时了吗？1当形势变得困难时，强者会去选学会计。当就业市场恶化时，许多学生估算着他们不能再主修英语或历史。他们得学一些能改善他们就业前景的东西。2数据显示，随着学生肩负的学费不断增加，他们已从学习人文学科转向他们相信有益于将来就业的应用科学和“硬”技能。换言之，大学教育越来越被看成是改善经济而不是提升人类自身的手段。这种趋势可能会持续，甚至有加快之势。3在未来几年内，由于劳动力市场的不景气，人文学科可能会继续其长期低迷的态势。在上一代大学生中，主修文科的学生数跌幅已近50%。这种趋势会持续、甚至加速的想法是合情合理的。人文学科曾是大学生活的重要支柱，而今在学生们的大学游中却只是一个小点缀。现在，实验室要比图书馆更栩栩如生、受人青睐。4在这儿，请允许我为人文学科给人们的生活所增添的真实价值进行支持和宣传。自古以来，人们一直在思索人类自身具有什么神奇的内力使一些人变得崇高伟大，而使另一些人走向自我毁灭。几个世纪以来，这股内力被称作很多东西。著名的心理学家西格蒙德·弗洛伊德称之为“潜意识”，或更为人熟知的“本能”。20currencydeposit,weprescribeapassonaregularbasis,qilucardaccountonaregularbasis),certificatebondsandsavingsbonds(electronic);3.notdrawnonabanksavingscertificate,certificatebondsapplyformortgageloans,acceptingonlythelender 5从一开始，人类这股可以是建设性也可以是毁灭性的内在驱动力，就令我们心驰神往。这些惊人的、充满内心挣扎的故事形成了世界文化的基础。历史学家、建筑师、作家、哲学家和艺术家们以故事、音乐、神话、绘画、建筑、雕刻、风景画和传统的形式，捕捉到了这些撞击心灵的文字、形象及内涵。这些男男女女创造出了具有艺术性的“语言”，帮助我们了解人类的这些强烈愿望，并用以教育一代又一代人。从古时起开始的这些充满想象的大量作品，正是文明的底蕴，它奠定了人文研究的基础。6学习人文学科会提高我们的阅读和写作能力。无论我们这一生中从事什么职业，如果我们能读懂复杂的思想并理解它们的内涵，我们都会受益匪浅。如果我们是在办公室里能对这些思想写出既明确又简洁的分析的人，我们会有光明的职业前景。7学习人文学科会让我们熟悉表达情感的语言及进行创造的过程。在信息经济中，很多人都有能力创造出一个如新的MP3播放器那样的有用产品。然而，仅有很少的人具有能力创造出一个如iPod那样的精彩品牌。最重要的是，学习人文学科使我们具有伟大的洞察力和自我意识，从而以积极和建设性的方式来发挥我们的创造力和才艺。8也许，支持人文学科的最好论点是，人文学科为我们提供了广阔的机会。你知道世界闻名的电影《泰坦尼克号》的导演詹姆斯·卡梅隆拿的是人文学科的学位吗？第一个登上太空的女宇航员萨利·赖德拿的也是人文学科的学位。还有电影演员李小龙、格温妮丝·帕特洛、蕾妮·齐薇格及马特·达蒙，也都如此。获诺贝尔医学奖的哈罗德·瓦慕斯博士也学过人文学科。甚至迪士尼公司的总裁迈克尔·艾斯纳也主修人文学科。学习人文学科的有名人士确实可以列出一长串。显而易见，人文学能为我们从事许多不同的职业做准备，不管是医学、商务、科学或娱乐。如果我们仅学习数学，我们很可能只能申请数学家之类的工作。如果我们还学了人文学科，那我们就能突破许多障碍，只要我们愿意付出努力，敢于想象。9当然，在当下，如果我们单学人文学科，可能会失去很多机会。我们每个人都需要尽可能变得技能化、职业化，以满足现代生活的需要。事实上，技术知识和内在洞察力的结合越来越被看成是建立职业生涯的理想搭配。如果我是某个医学院的招生部主任，有两个人同时申请我们学校，这两个人都学过基础的科学课程，一个主修哲学，另一个仅是医学院的预科生，我会选择那位哲学专业的申请者。10总之，人文学科帮助造就全面发展的人，这些人具有洞察力，并理解全人类共有的激情、希望和理想。人文学科，这个古老、永恒的知识储蓄库，教我们如何以不同的方式看待事物，同时也拓宽我们的视野。在现代社会中，人文学科一如既往地同生活息息相关，也发挥着重要作用。我们在学习中花一些时间与人文学科——我们杰出、非凡的知识宝藏——相伴，这难道不是明智的吗？谁知道你将来会变得多有名气呢！20currencydeposit,weprescribeapassonaregularbasis,qilucardaccountonaregularbasis),certificatebondsandsavingsbonds(electronic);3.notdrawnonabanksavingscertificate,certificatebondsapplyformortgageloans,acceptingonlythelender 慕课是一种网络课程，它旨在通过网络实现广泛参与和开放接入。慕课是远程教育迈出的最新一步，现已在高等教育领域迅速引领潮流。通过这些课程，大学可以扩大影响的范围，从影响成千上万住在城里付学费的学生，扩展到惠及全球上百万的学生。除了拥有传统的课程资料，慕课还给使用者提供互动论坛，支持学生和讲师之间的交流。慕课能够促进参与者之间的交流，使得多种观点、知识和技能涌现到课堂上来；它鼓励人们尝试之前不可能尝试的课程，甚至是尝试新的教育方式；它提供多种学习课程资料的方式，鼓励多模式学习，以各种学习风格满足学习者的需求；另外，慕课促进教学的改善，使技术在面对面授课中得以更好地应用。Inrecentyears,withthedevelopmentofInternettechnology,theconstructionofdigitaleducationresourcesofourcountryhasmadegreatachievements.Manyuniversitieshavesetuptheirowndigitallearningplatforms,anddigitalteachingisplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleineducation.Comparedwiththetraditionalwayofteaching,thedigitalwayhasalotofadvantages.Ononehand,digitalteachingmakesglobalsharingofteachingresourcespossible;ontheotherhand,itexpandsthelearner'sstudytimeandspacetolearn,allowingpeopletogetaccesstothedigitalvirtualschoolsthroughtheInternetanytimeandanywhere.Theseadvantagesmakeitpossibleforpeopletoshiftfromone-timelearningtolifelonglearning.Unit4大学情侣1我微笑着看着我那两个可爱的女儿，她们似乎比她们的父母还是大学情侣那会儿更为成熟。琳达，21岁，在大学一年级交过一个男友，她曾以为会跟那个男孩结婚，但他们已不再来往了。梅丽莎，19岁，还没有一个固定的男友。我的女儿不知何时才能遇到她们的那个“唯一”，她们伟大的爱。她们认为她们的父亲和我有着一段经典的、童话般的浪漫史，从一开始就直奔婚姻的殿堂。也许，她们是正确的，但在那时似乎并不是那么回事。20currencydeposit,weprescribeapassonaregularbasis,qilucardaccountonaregularbasis),certificatebondsandsavingsbonds(electronic);3.notdrawnonabanksavingscertificate,certificatebondsapplyformortgageloans,acceptingonlythelender 在某种程度上，爱神恰恰在你最没准备时来临。谁曾想到，布奇和我最终会结婚呢？他之所以成为我男友，只是因为当时我那肤浅的打算：我要找一个可爱的男友！2我们通过我的大学室友介绍在大学食堂相识。在那个命中注定的夜晚，我只是好奇，但对他而言，我认为是一见钟情。他凝视着我的脸，说：“你有一双美丽的眼睛。”他整个晚上一直盯着我。我真的对他没那么感兴趣，其原因有二。首先，他看起来就像是一个野小子，甚至还有些危险。其次，虽然他很可爱，却似乎有点怪异。3他骑着自行车经过我的宿舍，装作与我“偶遇”，看到我时还假装惊讶。我喜欢被重视的感觉，但对他的野性和充满活力的个性却小心谨慎。他很会说话，这会迷倒任何女孩。当我开始爱上他时，恐惧向我袭来。他那令人激动的“坏小子形象”简直太诱人了。究竟是什么吸引了我？我，一直口碑极好。为了获得优异的成绩，我的注意力只专注在自己的学习上。但又怎么样呢？大学应该是学习的好时间，可也应该有一些乐趣。我已几乎达成了伟大的教育目标，离毕业只有一学期之遥了。但我却还没有享受过任何乐趣，我的生活乏味，没有一点新鲜感！我需要一个男朋友，当然不是任何男朋友。他必须很可爱。于是我那个学期的目标就成为：雄心勃勃，抓住一个我能找到的最可爱的男友。4我担心他会怎么看我。不错，我们生活在一个性观念正在发生戏剧性转变的时代，但我是一个传统的女孩，对在校园里似乎常见的新方式还没有心理准备。布奇看上去很出色！我对他的个性毫无免疫力，但我对此很害怕。那天晚上当他向大家宣布我是他女友时，我是同意的。但我随后突然清醒：“噢，我的天哪！我是他女友吗？这是怎么回事？”紧接着，他在我耳边低声地甜言蜜语：“有一天我要娶你，我会成为一名律师。你会看到这一天的。”5我笑着对自己说：“我绝不会嫁给这个家伙。他是一个没有前途的叛逆者。他是我男朋友，只因为我恨枯燥的学生生活。我只想得到乐趣而已。”6果然，一个月后，我发现他所有的课程都不及格。因而，他将被大学除名。令我厌恶的是，他似乎屈从了自己的命运。我知道还有希望，所以我让他去学院的秘书那儿进行复议。7我告诉他：“你要先从宾夕法尼亚大学拿到政治学学士学位，然后进入法律学院。”我以他的名义递交了呈请书，结果被批准了。校方同意复议布奇的情况。我们的男女朋友关系一经确定，他就协调了他的学习和社交生活，结果各门课都通过了。他最终学了法律。8尽管布奇的性格有点野，但他在骨子里却是一个完美的绅士，这值得高度赞扬。的确，他有时会在我朋友面前亲吻我的嘴，擅自表达他的爱。我的朋友看到了很惊讶，也很不以为然。但事实上，我们在整整七年的恋爱关系中一直是纯洁和负责的。我们坐在棕榈树下，手牵着手，听着浪漫的歌曲，观赏着日落，编织着和我们自己的孩子在一起的美梦，一直到永远。20currencydeposit,weprescribeapassonaregularbasis,qilucardaccountonaregularbasis),certificatebondsandsavingsbonds(electronic);3.notdrawnonabanksavingscertificate,certificatebondsapplyformortgageloans,acceptingonlythelender 9两年糊里糊涂地过去了。一天，布奇出其不意地手捧着一打红玫瑰跪下向我求婚。我心中充满了深情，也坦诚了对他的爱：“太太太太太浪漫了！！”可我随即从幻想中惊醒。我大喊出来：“天哪。不！我们现在结婚还太早了。我们甚至还没有大学毕业呢！”我真的很喜欢他，但我对我们感情修成正果的机率却持悲观态度。10五年后，我们结了婚。11我们忠实的爱和学习之旅带我们走过艰难崎岖的岩石路，走上平坦易行的公路。它是一个永久、浪漫，有时又疯狂的爱情故事。它诠释了一对仍在疯狂地爱着对方的夫妇如何一起度过了29年之久的蜜月。我们的爱从漫不经心的互相吸引开始，但最终却发展出成熟的爱情和富足的生活。美洲和欧洲各国都会庆祝2月14日的情人节。这是一个充满爱情和浪漫的节日，恋人之间通常都会交换情人卡和爱情信物。关于这个节日的起源有着不同的说法。一个传说是罗马人把一个叫圣瓦伦丁的神父关进了监狱，因为他拒绝相信罗马神。2月14日那天，瓦伦丁被处死，不仅因为他是基督徒，而且因为他曾治愈了一位监狱看守双目失明的女儿。他在被处死的前一天晚上给她写了一封署名“你的瓦伦丁”的告别信。后来，2月14日就成了一个人们可以为他们的情人展示感情的节日。现在，人们以不同的方式庆祝情人节，他们发送贺卡、鲜花，赠送巧克力或其他礼品，或共进浪漫的晚餐。现在这个节日已流行世界各地。在中国，这个节日也正越来越受年轻人的欢迎。July7thontheChinesecalendarisChineseQixiFestival,themostromanticofallthetraditionalChineseholidays.Everyyear,somebigbusinessesorganizevariousactivities,andyoungpeoplesendgiftstotheirlovers.Asaresult,theQixiFestivalisconsideredtobeChinese"Valentine'sDay".TheQixiFestivalisderivedfromthelegendofCowherdandWeavingMaid.ThelegendholdsthatonthisparticularnighteveryyeartheWeavingMaidinheavenmeetswithCowherd.So,peoplecanseeCowherdandWeavingMaidmeetingintheMilkyWayonthenightofQixi.Onthisnight,girlswouldalsobegWeavingMaidforsomewisdomforahappymarriage.But,withthechangingoftimes,theseactivitiesarediminishing.AllthatremainsisthelegendofCowherdandWeavingMaid,asignoffaithfullove,continuouslycirculatedamongthefolk.LanguagepointsX1Ismileatmytwolovelydaughtersandtheyseemsomuchmorematurethanwe,theirparents,whenwewerecollegesweethearts.(Para.1)Meaningbeyondwords:Marriedtohercollegesweetheart,theauthornowishappywithherfamilyandtwogrowndaughters.Note:Collegesweetheartsrefertosomeonewithwhomoneisinloveandbywhomoneislovedatcollege;sweetheartisequivalenttolover,darling,beloved,ordear.Forexample:Welldone,sweetheart,weareallsoproudofyou.做得好，宝贝，我们以你为荣。Myhusbandisthegreatestguyintheworld;hewasmycollegesweetheart.我丈夫是世界上最棒的，大学时他就是我的恋人。HetriestolocatehisformersweetheartMelinafromwhomhehasheardnothingforaverylongtime.他在努力寻找他以前的恋人梅利娜，他已经很久没有她的消息了。2Linda,who’s21,hadaboyfriendinherfreshmanyearshethoughtshewouldmarry,butthey’renottogetheranymore.Melissa,who’s19,hasn’thadasteadyboyfriendyet.Mydaughterswonderwhentheywillmeet“TheOne”,theirgreatlove.(Para.1)Meaningbeyondwords:Hertwodaughtersareattheageofjustdating,buttheyseemtobeverymaturewonderingwhentheywillmeettheirtruelove.3TheythinktheirfatherandIhadaclassicfairytaleromanceheadingformarriagefromtheoutset.(Para.1)Meaningbeyondwords:Herdaughtersconsidertheirparents’marriageatypicalconventionalromancebecausetheythinkitaimedatmarriagefromtheverybeginning.Usagenote:classic,classical1classic用作形容词表示“经典的；精彩的；一流的”。例如：DeathontheNileisoneoftheclassicworksofAgathaChristie.《尼罗河上的惨案》是阿加莎·克里斯蒂的经典作品之一。口语中也会用到classic这个词。当你看到一场精彩的演出时，就可以说“That’sclassic!”来表达赞美。classic用作形容词也表示“典型的；标准的”。例如：Londonistheclassicexampleofthescatteredcity.伦敦是标准分散型的城市。ThisstatementwasaclassicillustrationofBritishpoliteness.这项陈述是对英国礼貌的一个典型说明。classic也可用作名词，表示“文学名著；经典作品；杰作”。例如：WehaveallthestandardclassicsofHayaoMiyazakiathome.我们家有宫崎骏的所有的经典作品。2classical不能用作名词，只能用作形容词，表示“古典的；经典的”。例如：Ispendalotoftimereadingandlisteningtoclassicalmusic.我花了很多时间阅读和聆听古典音乐。ClassicalmusicismusicwrittenbycomposerssuchasMozartandBeethoven.像莫扎特和贝多芬所创作的音乐称为古典音乐。莫扎特和贝多芬所创作的音乐属于古典音乐(classicalmusic),但这些古典音乐经久不衰，有永久的意义和价值，所以这些音乐也可称为经典的音乐（classicmusic）。反之，在前面有一例中说可口可乐瓶子的设计是精彩的，一流的，所以是经典（classic）之作，但很明显可口可乐瓶子的设计不是古典的（classical）设计。所以，经典的（classic）作品不一定就是古典的（classical）作品。Note:Classicfairy-taleromanceisusedtodescribearomanceblessedwithunusualhappiness.Colloquially,afairytalecanalsorefertoanystoryextremelyunlikelytobetrue.4Perhaps,they’rerightbutitdidn’tseemsoatthetime.(Para.1)Meaning:Mydaughters’perceptionmayberight,yetourromancebackthenwasactuallynotlikewhattheyhaveassumed.5Inaway,lovejusthappenswhenyouleastexpectit.WhowouldhavethoughtthatButchandIwouldendupgettingmarriedtoeachother?Hebecamemyboyfriendbecauseofmyshallowagenda:Iwantedacuteboyfriend!(Para.1)Meaning:Lovecomesyourwaywhenyoudon’treallyexpectit.NoonethoughtthatButchandIwouldfinallygetmarried.HebecamemyboyfriendsimplybecauseIwouldliketofulfillmyshallowwish:tohaveanattractiveboyfriendincollege.Meaningbeyondwords:Hereisthesuspenseofthestory–theauthorgivesabroadhintthatshewilltellushowsheandherhusbandgotmarriedatlast.6Wemetthroughmycollegeroommateattheuniversitycafeteria.Thatfatefulnight,Iwasmerelycurious,butforhimIthinkitwasloveatfirstsight.(Para.2)Meaning:Attheschooldininghallthatimportantnight,wewereintroducedtoeachotherthroughmyroommate.ImetButchjustoutofcuriosity,butheseemedtofallinlovewithmeassoonashesawme.7“Youhavebeautifuleyes,”hesaidashegazedatmyface.(Para.2)Meaningbeyondwords:TheauthorwasobviouslyattractivetoButchsincehetriedtopleaseherbypraisinghereyes.8Hekeptstaringatmeallnightlong.(Para.2)Note:Bothgazeatandstareatmean“lookingatsomethingfixedlyforalongtimebecauseofbeingattracted,surprised,orthinking,etc.”.Stareatusuallyhastheadditionalmeaningof“witheyeswidelyopen”.Also,itusuallyimplies“withgreatattention”;gazeatusuallyimplies“inadreamyandunawarestateofmind”.9Ireallywasn’tthatinterestedfortworeasons.First,helookedlikehewasareallywildboy,maybeevendangerous.Second,althoughhewasverycute,heseemedalittleweird.(Para.2)Meaningbeyondwords:Shewasn’tinterestedinhimbecauseshegottheimpressionthathewaswildandstrange,whichillustratesthatshedidn’tknowmuchabouthimatthebeginning.Therefore,it’snottruethattheirromancewasheadingformarriagefromthestart.10Ridingonhisbicycle,he’dridepastmydormasif“byaccident”andpretendtobesurprisedtoseeme.Ilikedtheattentionbutwascautiousabouthiswild,dynamicpersonality.(Para.3)Meaningbeyondwords:Sheunderstoodhislittletrick:tryingtoseeherbymanufacturingexcuses.Thoughshewashappytobethefocusofhisattention,shewasalsoveryalerttohiswildanddynamicpersonality.11Hehadacharmingwaywithwordswhichwouldcharmanygirl.(Para.3)Meaning:Heknewhowtopleaseandattractgirlsbecausewhathesaidwasalwayspleasanttotheirears.12FearcameovermewhenIstartedtofallinlove.Hisexciting“badboyimage”wasjusttootemptingtoresist.Whatwasitthatattractedme?(Para.3)Meaning:Iwasinanawkwardposition:Istartedtofallinlovewithhim,butIwasalsoafraidofthat.Hisbadboyimagewastooattractivetoresist,butatthesametimeitwassomewhatfearful.So,whatexactlywasitinhimthatattractedme?Note:Temptingisapresentparticipleoftheverbtempt,usedasanadjectivetodescribetheeffectthatsomethinghasonsomeone’sfeelings.Forexample,ifyoufindsomethingtempting/charming/disgusting/frightening,itmeansittempts/charms/disgusts/frightensyou.InEnglishthereareagroupofwordsdescribinganeffectthatsomethinghasonyourfeelingsandideas.Forexample:atemptingjoboffer一个诱人的工作机会analarmingincreaseinracialhostility种族仇视的惊人增长awelcomingsmile热情的微笑asurprisingnumberof数量惊人的13Ialwayshadanexcellentreputation.Myconcentrationwassolelyonmystudiestogetsuperiorgrades.Butforwhat?(Para.3)Meaning:Iwasanoutstandingstudentwhoonlyconcentratedonstudiesinordertogetexcellentgrades.Butsowhat?Shouldn’tagoodstudentalsohavefun?14Collegeissupposedtobeatimeofgreatlearningandalsosomefun.Ihadnearlyachievedagreateducation,andgraduationwasjustonesemesteraway.ButIhadn’thadanyfun;mylifewasstalewithnocomponentoffun!Ineededaboyfriend.(Para.3)Meaning:Collegeisdefinitelyaniceplaceforeducationbutshouldhavesomefunaswell.Throughoutmyyearsatcollege,Ihaddevotedallmytimetostudybuthadn’thadanyfunyet.NowthatIwasgraduating,Iwantedtohaveaboyfriendtoenrichmycollegelife.15Notjustanyboyfriend.Hehadtobecute.Mygoalthatsemesterbecame:BeambitiousandgrabthecutestboyfriendIcanfind.(Para.3)Meaning:TheoneIwantedtodatewasnotjustanordinaryboy;hehadtobehandsome,pleasantandattractive.Myambitionforthatsemester,therefore,wastofindthecutestboyfriendatcollege.16Iworriedwhathe’dthinkofme.(Para.4)Meaningbeyondwords:HerconcernabouthowButchwouldlookathershowsthatshewasbecomingmoreinterestedinhimandcaredabouthisrealthinking.17True,welivedinatimewhenadramaticshiftinsexualattitudeswastakingplace,butIwasatraditionalgirlwhowasn’treadyforthenewwaysthatseemedcommononcampus.(Para.4)Meaning:Itistruethatwelivedinanerawhensexualattitudeswerechangingdramatically,butsinceIwastraditional,Iwasn’treadyforthenewsexualpracticeseeminglycommononcampus.18Butchlookedsuperb!Iwasnotimmunetohispersonality,butIwasscared.(Para.4)Meaning:Butchlookedextremelywonderful.Iwassurelyinfluencedbyhispersonality,butIfeltscared.19ThenightwhenheannouncedtotheworldthatIwashisgirlfriend,Iwentalongwithhim.(Para.4)Meaning:ThatnightwhenmyboyfriendannouncedpubliclyIwashisgirlfriend,Ididnothaveanyobjection.Meaningbeyondwords:ShehasapparentlychangedherperceptionofButch,frombeingmerelycuriousabouthimatfirsttobecomingcautiousabouthiswild,dynamicpersonalitylater;frombeingfearfuloffailingtoresisthis“badboyimage”toapprovingofbeinghisgirlfriend.20AndthenIsuddenlythought:“Ohmygosh!AmIhisgirlfriend?Howdidthathappen?”(Para.4)Meaningbeyondwords:Allofasudden,sherealizedthatshehadmadeamistakebecauseshewasnotreallyreadytohaveaboyfriendyet.Note:“Gosh”,asaninterjection,isusedtoexpresssurprise.Forexample:Gosh,Ididn’texpecttoseeyouhere!天哪，我没想到在这里见到你！Gosh,it’ssocold.天哪，太冷了！Gosh,there’salotofnoise.天哪，这儿真吵。21Thenhewhisperedsweetwordsinmyearandsaid,“I’mgoingtomarryyouonedayandIwillbealawyer.Youwillsee.”(Para.4)Meaning:ThenhequietlysaidsweetwordsinmyearandsaidthathewouldmarrymeandIcouldeventuallyseehimbecomealawyer.22Iwaslaughinginsideandsaidtomyself,“I’dnevermarrythisguy.He’sarebelwithoutagoodfuture.He’smyboyfriendbecauseIhatemyboringstudentlife.Ijustwanttohavefun.”(Para.5)Meaning:ThoughIagreedtobehisgirlfriend,frommyheart,hewasjustarebelliousboywithoutabrightfuture.Therefore,Iwasnotveryseriousaboutourrelationship.Tome,theonlypurposetodatehimwastogetawayfrommyboringstudentlife.23Sureenough,thefollowingmonth,Ifoundouthehadfailedallhiscourses.(Para.6)Meaning:JustasIhadexpected,hedidn’tpassanyofhiscourses.24Consequently,hewasgoingtobeexpelledfromtheuniversity.(Para.6)Meaning:Asaconsequence,theuniversitywasgoingtodismisshimfromtheschool.25Tomydisgust,heseemedresignedtohisfate.Iknewtherewashope,soIledhimtothecollegesecretaryforreconsideration.(Para.6)Meaning:Whatupsetmewasthatheseemedtoaccepthisfate.AsIknewtherewasstillahope,Itookhimtothecollegesecretarytoseewhetherthedecisioncouldbechanged.26“YouaregoingtograduatewithaBAinpoliticalsciencefromUPennandproceedtotheCollegeofLaw,”Itoldhim,lodginganappealonhisbehalf,whichwasapproved.(Para.7)Meaningbeyondwords:Whatshedidforherboyfriendindicatedtheirrelationshiphadcometoanewstage.Besidesencouraginghimtoconsultwiththecollegesecretaryandsubmittingtheappealonhisbehalf,shealsoplannedforhisfuturecareer.Shetoldhimhehadtocontinuehisstudiesatlawschool.Note:Besidesanoun,“proceedto”canalsobefollowedbyaverbphrase.Forexample:Havingsaidhowmuchshelikedmyidea,shethenproceededtomakecriticalcommentsaboutit.说完她是多么喜欢我的点子，她接着就提出了批评性的意见。27Butchwasgrantedreconsideration.And,oncewebecamesteadies,hecoordinatedhisstudiesandsociallife,passingallofhisclasses.Heeventuallystudiedlaw.(Para.7)Meaningbeyondwords:Hereweseetheturningpointoftherelationshipbetweenthetwo.HersuggestionsdidworkwellwithButchsincehewasgrantedreconsideration.Assoonastheybecamesteadylovers,Butchbalancedhisstudiesandsociallifeandpassedeverycourse.Finally,hestudiedlawashadbeenplanned.Note:Steadycanalsobeusedasanoun,asisinthetext.It’sanold-fashionedAmericanwaytodescribeaboyfriendorgirlfriendthatsomeonehasbeenhavingaromanticrelationshipwith.28DespiteButch’ssomewhatwildcharacter,athiscore,heisalwaysaperfectgentlemananddeservesalotofcreditforthat.(Para.8)Meaning:InspiteofButch’salittlewildcharacter,hewasalwaysaperfectgentlemaninessence,forwhichheshouldbegivenrecognition.29True,he’dsometimestakethelibertyofdisplayinghislovebyplantingakissonmylipsrightinfrontofmyastonishedfriendswhowatchedanddisapproved.(Para.8)Meaning:Withoutmypermission,sometimeshewouldpressakissonmylipstoshowhisloveinfrontofmyfriends,whowereastonishedandresentedwhathedid.Note:“Plantakiss”isafigurativeuseofthewordplant,whichmeansanintimateandpubliclydemonstrativekissshowinghislovetoallwhoarewatching.30Butthetruthiswehadapureandresponsiblerelationshipforsevenfullyears.Sittingbythepalmtrees,handinhand,wewouldlistentoromanticsongs,watchthesunset,andweavedreamsofbeingtogetherwithchildrenofourown,forever.(Para.8)Meaningbeyondwords:Butchshowedmuchrespectforherconservativeperceptionoflove.Forsevenyears,theyjustenjoyedtheirromanceinatraditionalway.31Twoyearspassedinablur.Oneday,Butchtookmebysurpriseashekneltdownandproposedmarriageholdingadozenredroses!(Para.9)Meaning:TwoyearspassedsoquicklythatIdidn’treallyremembereverythingclearly.Oneday,IwasstartledwhenButch,holdingadozenredroses,kneltdowntoproposemarriage.Note:proposetosb.=proposemarriagetosb.32Filledwithdeepemotion,Iconfessedmyloveforhim,“Howroooomaaaantic!!”(Para.9)Meaning:Iadmittedmyloveforhimwithdeepaffection.Itwassuperromantic!Meaningbeyondwords:ShewassohappyandthrilledtoacceptButch’smarriageproposalthatshesaidthewordromanticinaslowandexaggeratedway.Note:Ininformalwriting,peoplewouldemphasizesomethinginasimilarway.Forexample:Thankyousoooooomuch!真是太太太感谢您了！33Thenmybrainwokeupfromfantasyland.Icriedout,“Goodheavens.No!We’retooyoungtotietheknot.Wehaven’tevengraduatedfromcollegeyet!”Ireallylovedhimbutwaspessimisticaboutourchancesforsuccess.(Para.9)Meaningbeyondwords:Allofasudden,shewokeupfromtheromanticscene.ThoughshealreadyacceptedlovefromButchandconfessedherloveforhim,shewasnotsurewhethertheywouldgetmarriedandhaveahappyendingastheywerestillcollegestudents.Note:Itisn’tclearwhetherthisexpressiontietheknotderivesfromanactualknotusedinmarriageceremoniesorwhethertheknotismerelysymbolicofalastingunity.Knotshaveaplaceinmanyculturesandusuallysymbolizeunbreakablepledges.Actualknotshavecertainlybeenusedinmarriageceremoniesforsometime.Thewordknot,althoughnotinthephrasetietheknot,hasbeenassociatedwithmarriagesinceatleastthe13thcentury.34Wemarriedfiveyearslater.(Para10)Meaningbeyondwords:Thoughshewaspessimisticabouttheirchanceforsuccessoflove,sheacceptedButch’sproposal.Theygotmarriedfiveyearslater,whichillustratestheirdeepandtrueloveforeachother.35Ourfaithfuljourneyofloveandlearningtookusdownrockyroadsofhardshipandonsmootheasy-goinghighways.(Para.11)Meaning:Ourdevotedandfaithfulloveguidedusbothintimesofhappinessandalsointimesofhardship.Note:Thewordrockycomesfromthenounrockcombiningwith-y.Arockyroadreferstoaroadfullofrocks,unevenornotflat.Wordsofthisgroupinclude:muddy,stony,grassy,snowy,rainy,etc.36Itisalong,romantic,sometimescrazy,lovestorythatsumsupa29-yearlonghoneymoontogetherasacouplewhoarestillmadlyinlovewitheachother.(Para.11)Meaningbeyondwords:Shefeltveryproudofherlong-lastingromantic,sometimesevencrazylove,whichwasjustlikea29-yearlonghoneymoonforherandherhusband.37Ourlovecommencedwithacasualattractionbutbloomedintoamatureloveandrichlife.(Para.11)Meaningbeyondwords:Completelybeyondherexpectation,lovecametoherasshestartedwithacasualdatebutendedupgrowingintoamatureloveandrichlife.Note:Weusuallyusecommencedoingsth.orcommencewithsth.Also,intheUS,theofficialcollege/universitygraduationceremonyiscalled“commencement”.Thewordreferstothecompletionofone’seducationandthebeginningofone’snewadultlife.Note:Thephrase“bloomedintoamatureloveandrichlife”inthetextisusedfiguratively,meaningtheirlovewasjustlikeblossomsonatree.VocabularyXNewwordsclassica.(usu.beforenoun)admiredbymanypeople,andhavingavaluethathascontinuedforalongtime经典的TheCoca-Colabottleisoneoftheclassicdesignsofthelastcentury.可口可乐瓶子是上个世纪的经典设计之一。romancen.1[C]astoryaboutthelovebetweentwopeople爱情故事Sheisacompulsivereaderofromances.她热衷于阅读爱情故事。You’llbeinthejoyofcreationwhenwritingachildren’sstory,anovel,oraromance.当你写一部儿童故事、一部小说，或一部爱情故事时，你会感受到创作的喜悦。2[U]loveorafeelingofbeinginlove爱情；恋爱Manypeoplebelievethatmarriageisnotanever-lastingromancebutlikeabusiness.很多人认为，婚姻不是一个浪漫的结合，而是一种商业的行为。cutea.veryprettyorattractive漂亮的；可爱的Mathewissodelightedbecausehe’sgotareallycutebabybrother.马修如此高兴是因为他有了一个很可爱的小弟弟。gazevi.lookatsb.orsth.foralongtime,givingitallyourattention,oftenwithoutrealizingyouaredoingso（常指无意识地）凝视，盯着看Hespenthoursgazingoutofthewindowwhenhewassupposedtobeworking.在应该工作的时候，他却茫然地凝视着窗外好几个小时。weirda.(infml.)verystrangeandunusual,anddifficulttounderstandorexplain古怪的；奇异的Wewerealittleafraidwhenwewalkedintotheweirdoldhouse,fullofcreaksandgroans.这座诡异的老房子到处嘎吱作响，我们走进去时有点儿害怕。cautiousa.carefultoavoiddangerorrisks小心的；谨慎的；慎重的Manyscientistsarecautiousaboutinterpretingfunctionandbehaviorof“BlackHoles”.许多科学家对如何解释“黑洞”的功能和活动都持谨慎的态度。dynamica.1fullofenergyandnewideas,anddeterminedtosucceed精力充沛的；有创新思想的；志在成功的Heseemedadynamicandenergeticleader.他似乎是一个充满朝气和活力的领导者。2continuouslymovingorchanging不断移动的；不断变化的Marketsaredynamicandcompaniesmustlearntoadapttotheconstanteconomicchanges.市场是动态的，公司必须学会适应持续不断的经济变化。charmvt.attractsb.andmakethemlikeyou,sometimesinordertomakethemdosth.foryou迷住；吸引Almostalloftheyoungwomenintheroomwerecharmedbyhisboyishmanner.房间里几乎所有的年轻女性都被他那男孩子气的举止迷住了。n.[C,U]aspecialqualitysb.orsth.hasthatmakespeoplelikethem,feelattractedtothem,orbeeasilyinfluencedbythem魅力；魔力；吸引力；可爱之处Theselovelyoldtownshaveacharmyoucouldn’tfindinthebigcities.这些可爱的老城镇有你在大城市找不到的魅力。temptvt.trytopersuadesb.todosth.bymakingitseemattractive怂恿；利诱Theytemptedhimtojointheircompanybyofferinghimalargesalaryandacompanycar.他们为他提供高薪和一辆公司的汽车来利诱他加入他们的公司。temptinga.usedfordescribingsth.thatmakesyoufeelyouwouldliketohaveitordoit诱人的；吸引人的Atfirstglance,thecontractwastempting;however,uponcloserexaminationitbecameclearthatthecontracthadmanyproblems.乍一看，合同是诱人的，但仔细检查后发现该合同有许多问题。reputationn.[C]theopinionthatpeoplehaveaboutsb.orsth.becauseofwhathashappenedinthepast名誉；名望Thecompanyhasaworldwidereputationforquality.这个公司的质量享誉全球。superiora.better,morepowerful,moreeffective,etc.thanasimilarpersonorthing,esp.onethatyouarecompetingagainst更好的；更强的；更有效的Shegotthejobbecauseshewasthesuperiorcandidate.她得到了此工作，因为她是更好的候选人。semestern.[C]oneofthetwoperiodsoftimethatayearathighschoolsanduniversitiesisdividedinto,esp.intheUS（尤指美国中学和大学的）一学期，半学年thefirst/secondsemester第一/第二学期thespring/fallsemester春季/秋季学期stalea.1notinterestingorexcitinganymore不再有趣的；没有新意的；乏味的Manymarriagesmightgostale,butnotthemarriageofherparents.很多婚姻可能会变得乏味，但她父母的婚姻不会。2breadorcakethatisstaleisnolongerfreshorgoodtoeat不新鲜的Frenchbreadgoesstale(=becomesstale)veryquickly.法式面包会很快变得不新鲜。componentn.[C]oneofseveralpartsthattogethermakeupawholemachine,system,etc.机器、系统等的零件；成分；组成部分Thecoursehasfourmaincomponents:businesslaw,finance,computingandmanagementskills.该课程有四个主要组成部分：商务法、金融、计算机和管理技能。Nutritionisoneofthemostimportantcomponentsofahealthybody.营养是一个健康的身体最重要的组成部分之一。ambitiousa.determinedtobesuccessful,rich,powerful,etc.有抱负的；有雄心大志的；野心勃勃的Sheisaveryambitiouswomanandplanstoexpandherbusinessassoonaspossible.她是一个很有野心的女人，并计划尽快扩大自己的生意。sexuala.relatingtothephysicalactivityofsex性的；与性（生活）有关的Manyelderlypeoplecontinuetohaveasatisfyingsexuallife.很多年长者仍继续有着满意的性生活。superba.extremelygood极好的；出色的；卓越的Giftedwithasuperbvoice,shebecameafamousoperasinger.她天生一副好嗓子，成为了一位出名的歌剧演员。immunea.1(notbeforenoun)notinfluencedoraffectedbysth.不受影响的Fewwomenwereimmunetohischarm.很少有女人对他的魅力无动于衷。Japanwasbynomeansimmunefromcontinentalinfluences.日本决不可能不受到亚洲大陆的影响。2safefromadisease,becauseyoucannotbeinfectedbyit免疫的；有免疫力的Mostpeoplewho’vehadchickenpoxonceareimmunetoitfortherestoftheirlives.大多数曾经出过水痘的人都会终生对水痘有免疫力。consequentlyad.asaresult结果；因此；所以Therainwasheavyandconsequentlythelandwasflooded.雨下得很大，结果土地被水淹没了。disgustn.[U]astrongfeelingofdislike,annoyance,ordisapproval厌恶；气愤；反感Ithrewthebookasideindisgust.我气愤地把书扔在一边。Alookofdisgustcameoverhisface.厌恶的神色写在了他的脸上。proceedvi.1(fml.)continuetodosth.thathasalreadybeenplannedorstarted继续进行；继续做Thecitygovernmentwasrunningoutofmoneybutwasdeterminedtoproceedwithrepairingalloftheroadsasplanned.市政府的钱快用完了，但政府决定继续按计划修复所有该修的道路。Beforeproceedingfurther,wemustclearlydefineourterms.我们必须先给术语下定义，然后再继续。2moveinaparticulardirection（向某一方向）前进，移动WhentheairplanefromSanFranciscolandedinNewYork,passengersforMadridwereinstructedtoproceedtogate26forboarding.当从旧金山来的飞机在纽约降落后，去马德里的乘客被要求继续前往26号登机口登机。lodgevt.formallymakesth.suchasacomplaintorclaim正式提出（投诉、要求等）Hehasamonthinwhichtolodgeanappeal.他在一个月内可提出上诉。USlodgedaformalprotestagainstthearrestoftheirreporters.美国提出了正式抗议，反对他们的记者遭到逮捕。v.livesomewheretemporarily,usu.payingrenttoliveinsb.else’shouse,orprovidesb.withaplacetolive（通过付住宿费）借住；（为某人）提供住宿Allthetravelerslodgedinathree-starhotel.所有的旅客都住在一家三星级的酒店。behalfn.(onone’s~/on~ofsb.)insteadofsb.,orastheirrepresentative代表某人Onbehalfoftheentirecompany,Iwouldliketothankyouforallofyourexcellentcontribution.我代表整个公司对您所做的卓越贡献表示感谢。Unfortunately,Georgecannotbewithustoday,soIampleasedtoacceptthisawardonhisbehalf.不幸的是，乔治今天不能与我们在一起，所以我很高兴代表他接受这个奖项。approvevt.officiallyacceptaplan,proposal,etc.批准；认可Thecourtapprovedthesaleoftheproperty.法院批准出售这一房产。Wehadtowaitmonthsforthecounciltoapproveourplanstoincreasethesizeofthehouse.我们得等待数月，等委员会批准我们扩大住房的计划。vi.thinkthatsb.orsth.isgood,right,orsuitable赞许；赞成；同意Iapproveofyourtryingtomakesomemoney,butpleasedon’tneglectyourstudies.我赞成你赚一些钱，但请不要忽视你的学业。grantvt.(fml.)givesb.sth.orallowthemtohavesth.thattheyhaveaskedfor给予；准予TheEuropeanUnioncouldgrantSpain’srequestforfinancialassistance.欧盟可能会同意西班牙提出的有关提供财政援助的要求。Iwouldlovetobeabletograntherwish.我很想能够满足她的愿望。Ifagovernmentdoesnotwantapersontoenterthecountry,itcanrefusetograntthatpersonavisa.如果一个政府不希望某个人进入该国，可以拒绝给予那个人发放签证。TheauthoritiesattheconsulatehaverefusedtogranthimavisatovisittheU.S.领馆当局一直拒绝给他发放访美的签证。n.[C]anamountofmoneygiventosb.,esp.bythegovernment,foraparticularpurpose（尤指政府发给的）补助金，拨款Hewasawardedagrantwhichenabledhimtosuccessfullyfinishhisresearchattheuniversity.他获得了政府发的补助金，这使他能够成功地完成他在大学的研究。coordinatevt.organizethedifferentpartsofajoborplansothatthepeopleinvolvedworktogethereffectively调节；协调Aseniorembassyofficialiscoordinatingeffortstofreethecaptives.大使馆的一位高级官员正在协调各方为释放俘虏所作的努力。coren.[C]themostimportantormostbasicpartofsth.最重要（或最基本）的部分；核心Thelackofgovernmentfundingisatthecoreoftheproblem.缺乏政府拨款是问题的核心。deservevt.1haveearnedsth.bygoodorbadactionsorbehavior应得，应受到（奖赏或惩罚）Peoplewhoconfronttheirdifficultiesbravelyarepeoplewhodeserverespect.勇于面对困难的人是值得尊敬的人。Ithinkwedeservearestafterallthathardwork.做了这么多辛苦的工作后，我想我们应该休息一下了。2ifasuggestion,idea,orplandeservesconsideration,attention,etc.,itisgoodenoughtobeconsidered,paidattentionto,etc.（建议、观点或计划）值得考虑、注意等Thesuggestionsthatyouhaveputforwarddeserveseriousconsideration.你提出的建议值得认真考虑。libertyn.1[sing.]sth.youdowithoutaskingpermission,esp.whichmayoffendorupsetsb.else擅自的行为；冒犯的举动；放肆的行为ItwouldbetakingtoomuchofalibertyifoneofmyfriendsusedmyhousewhileIwasaway.如果我不在时，我的一个朋友用了我的房子，那就太过分了。2[U]thefreedomandtherighttodowhateveryouwantwithoutaskingpermissionorbeingafraidofauthority自由；自由权Hefirmlybelievesthatlibertyisinseparablefromsocialjustice.他坚定地认为，自由与社会公正是分不开的。displayvt.clearlyshowafeeling,attitude,orqualitybywhatyoudoorsay显示，显露（某种情感、态度或特质）Shedisplayednoemotiononthewitnessstand.她在证人席上面无表情。n.[C]anarrangementofthingsforpeopletolookatorbuy展览；陈列；展示Thereisadisplayofphotosofthetheaterfromitsearlydaysinthelobby.大厅里展出了剧院早期的照片。disapprovevi.thinkthatsb.ortheirbehavior,ideas,etc.arebadorwrong不赞同；反对HewascertainthatshewoulddisapproveofhisplantospendthesummerdoingresearchattheNorthPole.他很肯定她会反对他利用暑假在北极做研究的计划。Iknewmyparentswoulddisapprove,butIwentanyway.我知道我父母会反对，但我还是去了。palmn.[C](also~tree)atropicaltreewhichgrowsnearbeachesorindeserts,withalongstraighttrunkandlargepointedleavesatthetop棕榈树weavev.(wove,woven)1putmanydifferentideas,subjects,stories,etc.togetherandconnectthemsmoothly编造（故事等）Theauthorweavesacomplicatedplotofromanceandintrigueinhernewnovel.作者在她的新小说里编造了复杂的故事情节，充满浪漫和阴谋。2makecloth,acarpet,abasket,etc.bycrossingthreadsorthinpiecesunderandovereachotherbyhandoronaloom织；编织Thistypeofwooliswovenintoafabricwhichwillmakejackets.这种类型的羊毛被织成了做夹克的面料。Onlyafewofthewomenstillknowhowtoweave.只有很少的妇女还知道如何编织。blurn.[C,usu.sing.]sth.thatyoucannotrememberclearly模糊的记忆；记不清的事情Iwashurtbadly,andthedayaftertheaccidentwentbyinablur.我受了重伤，出事的那天只剩下一片模糊的记忆。v.becomedifficulttosee,ormakesth.difficulttosee,becausetheedgesarenotclear（使）模糊；（使）看不清Thestreetlightswereblurredbythefog.街灯在迷雾的笼罩中变得昏暗了。kneelvi.(also~down)(knelt,knelt)beinormoveintoapositionwhereyourbodyisrestingonyourknees跪着；跪下Shekneltdownonthegrasstoexamineaflower.她跪在草地上仔细观察一朵花。proposev.asksb.tomarryyou,esp.inaformalway（尤指正式向某人）求婚Istillrememberthenightyourfatherproposedtome.我仍记得你父亲向我求婚的那天晚上。vt.(fml.)suggeststh.asaplanorcourseofaction提议；建议Iproposedelayingourdecisionuntilthenextmeeting.我建议将我们的决定推迟到下次的会议。confessv.admitsth.thatyoufeelembarrassedabout承认（使自己尴尬的事情）Ihavetoconfess(that)whenIfirstmetIanIdidn’tthinkhewasverybright.我必须承认，当我第一次见到伊恩时，我并不认为他非常聪明。Ifounditallveryconfusing;Imustconfess.我发现这一切都非常令人困惑，我必须承认。Thedirectorconfessedthathehimselfwaspuzzledbythecompany'slosses.导演承认他自己对公司遭受的损失感到迷惑。Whenaskedhowhelikedthemovie,Jackconfessedtohavingsleptthroughmostofthefilm.当杰克被问到他对这部电影的评价时，他承认大部分时间他都在睡觉。knotn.[C]1apartwhereoneormorepiecesofstring,rope,cloth,etc.havebeentiedortwistedtogether（线、绳、布等打成的)结Itisnoteasyforsmallchildrentolearnhowtotieaknotintheirshoelaces.小孩子学习如何系鞋带并不容易。Areyouanygoodattyingknots?你擅长打结吗？Threadthestringthroughthehoopandtieitinaknot.把线从环上穿过，并打成结。2atightuncomfortablefeelinginyourstomach,etc.,causedbyastrongemotionsuchasfearoranger（恐惧、愤怒等导致的）紧张（感）Herstomachwasinknots.她的心揪得紧紧的。pessimistica.expectingthatbadthingswillhappeninthefutureorthatsth.willhaveabadresult悲观的；悲观主义的Duetotheeconomicslowdown,thetoneofthemeetingwasverypessimistic.由于经济衰退，这次会议的基调非常悲观。faithfula.remainingloyaltoaparticularperson,belief,politicalparty,etc.andcontinuingtosupportthem（对某人、信念、政党等）忠诚的，忠实的Hisfaithfulolddogaccompaniedhimeverywherehewent.他所到之处，都有他那条忠实的老狗陪伴着。honeymoonn.[C]aholidaytakenbytwopeoplewhohavejustgotmarried蜜月Manycouplestakeahoneymoon,aone-to-two-weektrip,tocelebratetheirmarriage.许多新人会去度蜜月，即一到两个星期的度假旅行，以庆祝他们的婚姻。IntheU.S.,NiagaraFallsisatraditionalandpopularhoneymoondestinationfornewly-weds(justmarriedcouples).在美国，尼加拉大瀑布是一个传统与流行的新婚夫妇的蜜月地。commencev.(fml.)beginorstartsth.开始；着手Constructionofthenewbridgewillcommenceassoonasourcompanyreceivesthedownpaymentforthislargeproject.我们公司一收到这个大项目的首期付款，就会马上开始新桥梁的建设。WewillcommencebuildingworkinAugustofnextyear.我们将在明年8月开始兴建工作。bloomvi.ifaplantoraflowerblooms,itsflowersappearoropen开花；（花）盛开Theplanthasabeautifulorangeflower,whichbloomsinMayeveryyear.这种植物在每年的五月都会开出一种美丽的橙色花朵。Phrasesandexpressionsheadforgoortraveltowardaparticularplace,esp.inadeliberateway（朝…）前进；（向…）去TheshipwasheadingforCuba,anislandcountryintheCaribbean.船只正航向古巴，它是一个位于加勒比海的岛国。gazeatlookatsb.orsth.withone’seyesfixedatsth.oftenwithoutknowing（常指无意识地）凝视，盯着看Hewasstandingonthebridgegazingdownattheriverbeneath.他站在桥上，双眼凝视着桥下的河。stareatlookatsth.orsb.witheyeswidelyopenforalongtimewithoutmoving凝视；盯着看Inmanycultures,it’srudetostareatpeople.在许多文化中，直愣愣地盯着人看是粗鲁的行为。byaccidentinawaythatisnotplannedorintended偶然；意外地Thetriggerofthegunmustbelockedsothatitcannotbefiredbyaccident.枪的发射扳机必须被锁住，这样就不会意外地擦枪走火。pretendtodosth.behaveasifsth.istruewheninfactyouknowitisnot假装…；装作…Ididn’tpretendtobeanexpertonthesubjectbecauseImustbehonest.我没假装我是这方面的专家，因为我必须诚实。comeoversb.ifafeelingcomesoveryou,itsuddenlyaffectsyouinastrongway（某种感情）突然攫住，突然影响Awaveofsleepinesscameoverme.一阵倦意向我袭来。immunetonotaffectedbysth.不受…影响的；对…有免疫力的Mostpeoplewho’vehadchickenpoxonceareimmunetoitfortherestoftheirlives.大多数曾经出过水痘的人都会终生对水痘有免疫力。goalongwithsb./sth.agreewithorsupportsb.orsth.同意；支持Kate’salreadyagreedtovisitmyparents,butit’sgoingtobeharderpersuadingMiketogoalongwithit.凯特已经同意去看望我的父母，但要说服迈克也同意会更难。expelsb.fromsth.officiallyforcesb.toleaveaschoolororganization（从学校或组织中正式）开除Eachyearmorethan10studentsareexpelledfromtheuniversityforcheatingontheirexams.每年有超过10名学生因为考试作弊被该大学开除。proceedtosth.ifyouproceedtothenextpartofanactivity,job,etc.,youdoortakepartinthenextpartofit进而做（参加）某事（活动）Heacceptedmyinvitationandthenproceededtothecommentthatpeopleshouldn’towncarsbecausetheydamagetheenvironment.他接受了我的邀请，然后继续他的评论：人们不应该拥有汽车，因为汽车会破坏环境。takethelibertyofdoingsth.dosth.withoutpermission擅自做某事Ihopeyouwon’tmindthatItookthelibertyofbookingtheaterseatsforus.我希望你不会介意我擅自给我们预订了剧院的座位。Itookthelibertyofbookingacruiseforusforthespringbreak.我擅自为我们的春假预订了邮轮票。takesb.bysurprisehappenunexpectedly出乎某人意料Thequestiontookherbysurprise,andshedidnotknowwhattosay.这个问题完全出乎她的意料，她不知道该说些什么。proposemarriage(fml.)asksb.tomarryyou求婚Hewasabitshyatfirst,butthenhegotthecouragetoproposemarriagetoher.他起先有点不好意思，但后来就鼓起勇气向她求婚了。befilledwithbefullof充满；装满Helookedatmewithoutspeaking,andforthefirsttimeIcouldseethathiseyeswerefilledwithpride.他看着我没有说话，我第一次看见他的眼里充满了骄傲。Hiseyeswerefilledwithtearsashelookedatherwithlove.他深情地看着她，眼里充满了泪水。tietheknotgetmarried结婚MarywascuriousandwantedtoknowwhenJanewasgoingtotietheknot.玛丽很好奇，想知道简什么时候结婚。bepessimisticabouthaveapessimisticviewofsth.对…持悲观看法（意见）Thedoctorsarepessimisticabouthischanceofrecoveryfromtheinjury.医生对他伤势的恢复持悲观的态度。PropernamesLinda琳达（女子名）Melissa梅利莎（女子名）Butch布奇（男子名）UPenn宾夕法尼亚大学（UniversityofPennsylvania，位于美国宾夕法尼亚州的费城）20currencydeposit,weprescribeapassonaregularbasis,qilucardaccountonaregularbasis),certificatebondsandsavingsbonds(electronic);3.notdrawnonabanksavingscertificate,certificatebondsapplyformortgageloans,acceptingonlythelender Unit5花钱还是存钱，学生进退维谷1你是不是跟我一样对“我应该花钱还是存钱”这个问题感到困惑，且有被操纵的感觉？我觉得我们从生活的环境里所获得的信息似乎是有违常识、互相矛盾的。政府告诉我们要花钱，否则我们将永远走不出衰退；与此同时，他们又告诉我们，除非我们节省更多的钱，否则我们的国家会处于严重危险之中。银行提供较高的利率以增加储蓄。然后，同样是这些银行又提供信用卡让我们可以花更多的钱。2这里还有一个大家熟悉的例子：如果我们不按时支付信用卡账单，我们会收到从信用卡公司发来的类似这样的令人讨厌的催缴账单的电子邮件：不还款是不可接受的。请立即缴付，否则后果自负！之后，一旦还款，我们就会收到一封跟进的电子邮件，语气和蔼可亲，说我们是多么宝贵的客户，并鼓励我们继续花钱。到底哪一个描述是正确的？有麻烦的失败消费者还是宝贵的客户？这两者之间可是天壤之别！3自相矛盾的情况还有，我们每天都收到彼此相左的两种信息。一种从“纵容”的角度，让我们“买东西，花钱，现在就得到它。你需要这个！”另外一种，我们可称之为“正直”的信息，它力劝我们：“努力工作，把钱存起来。控制你的欲望，不要买奢侈品，不要垂涎那些你并不真正需要的东西。”这类信息来源甚多，有学校方面的，有家长方面的，甚至还来自提及传统价值观的政治人物。艰苦创业，忠于家庭、能推迟欲望是美国价值观的核心，它使我们的国家变得强大。4但相反的信息，即那些纵容人们不断花钱的广告，无所不在。虽然此类信息有时经过了乔装打扮，但仍随处可见，电视、电影、印刷媒介和路牌、商店，及公共汽车、火车和地铁上，比比皆是。广告侵入了我们的日常生活。我们时时被包围在花钱，花钱，花钱的信息中。最近有人说：“唯一可以逃脱广告的时候是当在床上睡着时！”5据计算，普通的美国人到18岁时，会看过60万则广告；到40岁时，看过的广告总数近百万。每个广告都在尽最大努力影响我们形形色色的购买决定——从我们吃的早餐麦片到我们的假期将使用哪条邮轮线路。决不会缺少怎么花钱和买什么东西的广告！现在，我们当然不能确切地记得广告上的产品，但重要的信息已凝聚在我们的意识里：“要满足你的愿望。你应该拥有你想要的。你应该得到最好的。所以，你应该买下它——现在！”一个著名的广告诠释得很完美：“我爱自己。我是自己的好朋友。我做让我感觉舒服的事。我从精美的东西里得到乐趣，并感觉到它们给我的滋养。我过去常想着等一下再买，现在再也不会了。今天，我会购买全新的滑雪装备，看看新型的小巧灵便的轿车，买下那台我一直想要的相机。我今天就要实现我的梦想，不会等到明天。”20currencydeposit,weprescribeapassonaregularbasis,qilucardaccountonaregularbasis),certificatebondsandsavingsbonds(electronic);3.notdrawnonabanksavingscertificate,certificatebondsapplyformortgageloans,acceptingonlythelender 6当我们接受这些相互矛盾但很明确的信息时，会有什么事情发生呢？这种控制我们花钱习惯的宣传活动会造成什么心理和社会上的影响呢？一方面，我们希望买更多的东西，来满足我们的物质欲望。我们中的大多数通过善待自己来得到乐趣。与此同时，我们身体里面有一个微弱的声音与那些正直的信息在共鸣：“当心，要掂量掂量自己的生活，不要让注意力分散。推迟欲望。不要陷入债务。要等待！保留对自己生活的控制权。这会让你更坚强。”7总之，一个成功的学生所需要的很多技能可以应用到你的财务中去。把良好的财务状况看成是大学教育中的一个关键因素，因为对金钱的担忧会让人倍感压力，并让人分心。它们会让你感觉很糟糕，并阻止你专注首要目标，即成功完成学业。8怎样才能成为一个聪明、有相关知识的消费者呢？许多学校、社区组织，甚至一些银行都提供金融扫盲班。可以考虑向学校的财务援助办公室咨询，或向父母或其他值得尊敬的成年人请教如何建立一个预算方案。另外一个选择是找一个合作伙伴来帮你保持良好的财务状况，并在管理自己的金融事务中找到乐趣。最重要的是，如果你发现自己正陷入财务困境，不要让你的自大妨碍你，在情况变得失控并惹上法律麻烦前，赶紧寻求帮助来解决问题。9这一切都将帮助你成为一个拥有相关知识的消费者和储蓄者。学会了如何平衡支出和储蓄，你就会成为你自己的船长，驾驶着你的生活之船，乘风破浪，驶向成功和富有。大发现年代，也被称为大勘探年代，是欧洲进行全球勘查的一个历史时期，始于15世纪初并一直持续到18世纪。这一时期通常被认为是中世纪和近代之间的桥梁，当时西方帝国主义刚兴起，欧洲各王国之间正在经济上互相竞争，他们想通过建立贸易路线和殖民地来寻找财富。在这一时期众多伟大的探险家中，最杰出的是克里斯托弗•哥伦布，因为他发现了新大陆。欧洲的海外扩张导致了殖民帝国的崛起，旧大陆与新大陆的接触也促成了两边的互相交换：大量的植物、动物、食物、文化等得到迁移。这代表了历史上生态、农业和文化在全球范围内最重大的活动之一。欧洲大勘探让绘制全球性的世界地图成为可能，从而使人们看到一个新的世界与古老的文明正遥相呼应。TheSilkRoadisatrafficrouteintheancienttimesconnectingChinaandEurasia.Thistraderoutefocusesonthetradeofsilk,hencethename"theSilkRoad".Asaninternationaltradechannelandabridgeofculturalexchanges,theSilkRoadeffectivelyimprovedtheeconomicandculturalexchangesanddevelopmentbetweentheEastandtheWest,exertingaprofoundimpacton20currencydeposit,weprescribeapassonaregularbasis,qilucardaccountonaregularbasis),certificatebondsandsavingsbonds(electronic);3.notdrawnonabanksavingscertificate,certificatebondsapplyformortgageloans,acceptingonlythelender theprogressoftheworldcivilization.Nowadays,underthenewhistoricalcircumstances,ourcountryproposesthestrategyof"OneBelt,OneRoad"(namelytheSilkRoadEconomicBeltandthe21st-centuryMaritimeSilkRoad).Thestrategyof"OneBelt,OneRoad"focusesoncooperationandmutualbenefits,emphasizingmutualbenefits,win-win,aswellascommondevelopmentoftherelatedcountries.Onceproposed,thestrategyhasreceivedpositiveresponsesfromtherelatedcountriesalongtheroad.Unit7女性管理者1当莫妮卡1971年申请一个行政助理的工作时，有人问她想与男律师共事还是与女律师共事。“我马上说想与男律师共事，”她说。“我认为男老板和女雇员的关系更自然，丝毫不需互相调整。”但20年后，有人问她同样的问题时，她说：“令我感到惊喜的是，对员工来说，女上司更容易接近，她们更能理解人，与员工更亲密。”2今天的女上司仍然发现，她们面临着不易察觉的阻力。还是有一部分人——有男性，令人惊讶的是还有女性——说很难忍受为女性工作。女上司的不断涌现，也引出了与工作方式有关的两个主要问题：男人和女人管理风格不同吗？如果有不同，是一件好事吗？3莫妮卡对这两个问题都持肯定的意见。莫妮卡现在40岁，有四个孩子，并且是一位拥有45,000名成员的公共部门工会的主席。“我与员工的关系可能跟在我之前的前任男性主管不同，”她说。“我知道当有人不得不打电话来说孩子得了腮腺炎而不能来上班是一种什么样的状况。我的风格更灵活，这不是软弱，只是多了一点理解。”莫妮卡的男助理表示赞成：“她往往放权更多，并总是寻求共识。大家都很开心，也有成就感，因为他们参与了决策，而不是单纯的旁观者。他们的能量得到了利用。当然从另一方面看，通过协商而达成一致意见需要的时间要长一些。”4那么，这种差异是象征性的还是实质性的呢？可靠的研究指出，男人通常有等级观念，以目标为导向，喜欢有权力的感觉。相反，女人则是灵活变通的，愿意分享权力。这一观点往往受到质疑和争论。有人宣称，有类似的背景、经验和抱负的男女，基本上管理方式相同。那些年轻女性，特别是很少遭受性别歧视的女性，也是这样认为的。妮可尔无疑从中得到了教训。当她的父亲因心脏病去世时，她是一家石油产品出口公司的雇员。她辞了职，接管了她家在圣大卫县160英亩的果园。20currencydeposit,weprescribeapassonaregularbasis,qilucardaccountonaregularbasis),certificatebondsandsavingsbonds(electronic);3.notdrawnonabanksavingscertificate,certificatebondsapplyformortgageloans,acceptingonlythelender 她第一天出现在果园时，一名工人称她为“亲爱的”。“他是想试探我。我气得发抖，”现年34岁的妮可尔说。“我挺直腰板站在那里跟他说：‘你不会称我父亲亲爱的，所以你也没有权利这样称呼我。如果你再这样做，我会解雇你。’”5当女性为女上司工作时，往往会用一种不同的工作和交流方式。苏珊是多伦多一家拍卖行的收银员，她说，她与一些女上司建立起了友谊，她感到她们更能够依靠。虽然女性可能会觉得与女上司相处时更自然，男性却往往不得不作出改变以适应女上司新的工作方式。海洋生物学家布赖恩说：“我花了几年时间才能在与女经理共事时感到轻松自如。事实上，之前我与她的关系更多只是一种务实的工作关系。”6从某种程度上说，男女之间的差异归根结底是工作方式的冲突。一位女副总裁谈到她在一次会议上忍不住落泪的经历时说：“男人认为女人的眼泪就是常规战争中的核武器。他们对女人的哭泣很不满，认为她们是感觉不愉快或受到了侵犯。”男人不明白，促使她掉泪的不是因为受到伤害，而是真正的愤怒。“我们哭泣是因为我们所有这一切合理的愤怒没有适当的地方释放，”她说。“女人通过哭来释放情绪，男人通过继续冒犯或掩盖自己的情绪以显示镇定自若来释放情绪。”7德博拉是一家总部在多伦多的公司的总裁，她表示，即使男人明白是怎么回事，有时他们对同样的信息、对她的合作型管理风格也会有不同的反应。8德博拉说，她的权威有时因性别观念作祟而受到损害。“这源于整个社会对男性和女性的传统角色的界定，”她说。“妈妈会让你做事情，但也许你不会像爸爸让你做事情那样在意。男人也有更强的控制欲。”她说。9对女上司来说，一些女员工过高的期望是另一个障碍。职位较低的女员工认为女上司会比男上司更迅速地提拔她们。但是，她们也希望女上司能揽下更多的事。一位资深的女主管说：“她们会问，‘为什么你不能自己扫描文件？’或‘为什么你不能自己整理文件？’”10另一方面，几十年前人们工作的地方几乎不可能有女上司，这一点毫无争议。管理顾问尼娜说自己审慎乐观。“我期待某一天，在我临死之前，我们会意识到最好的管理风格是由男女双方带来的最佳组合……”嗯，她停顿了一下，可能不是在她去世之前，也许在她女儿的有生之年会实现吧。婚20currencydeposit,weprescribeapassonaregularbasis,qilucardaccountonaregularbasis),certificatebondsandsavingsbonds(electronic);3.notdrawnonabanksavingscertificate,certificatebondsapplyformortgageloans,acceptingonlythelender 纱礼服的颜色和款式可取决于婚礼参与者的宗教和文化。例如，在西方文化中新娘通常会选择白色的婚纱，而在中国，传统的结婚礼服是红色的。虽然白色已成为当今婚纱礼服在世界各地最受青睐的颜色，可是这在维多利亚时期之前并不是一个普遍的潮流。白色在1840年成为了一个受欢迎的选择，那年维多利亚女王在她的婚礼上穿了一件白色的礼服。官方的婚礼照片被广泛刊登后，很多新娘都仿效女王选择白色。很多人相信白色象征着童贞，尽管这不是她们选择白色的初衷。就款式而言，婚纱礼服曾一度是前面短短的、后面是长长的裙摆。这种趋势一直持续到20世纪60年代后期，那个时期全长裙边的设计恢复了流行。Chinaishometosilk,therebyhavingavarietyofartsrelatedtosilk,oneofwhichisembroidery.Embroidery,withatleasttwoorthreethousandyearsofhistory,isoneoftheChinesetraditionalfolkartsandcrafts.Sincemostembroiderersarewomen,it'salsocalled"women'sneedlework".Embroideryhasbeenmuch-lovedbytheChinesepeople.Itcanbeusedtobeautifyclothingandthings.Forexample,clothes,quilts,pillowcasesetc.canbeembroideredwithbeautifuldesigns,orapieceofembroiderycanbemadeforaspecialornament.TherearefourmostfamoustypesofembroideryinChina:SuxiufromSuzhou,YuexiufromGuangdong,XiangxiufromHunan,andShuxiufromSichuan,eachhavingitsownstyleandtheme.Amongthefour,Suzhouembroideryhasenjoyedthehighestreputation.LanguagepointsX1WhenMonicaappliedforajobasanadministrativeassistantin1971,shewasaskedwhethershewouldratherworkforamaleorafemaleattorney.(Para.1)Meaning:Monicawasaskedifshewouldliketoworkforamaleorafemalelawyerwhensheappliedforamanagingjobatalawfirmin1971.Sentencestructurenote:“wouldrather”句型1wouldrather的意思是“宁愿；宁可；更；最好；还是…为好”，后接动词原形，表示优先选择的一种方式。其否定形式是wouldrathernotdosth.,wouldrather没有人称和数的变化，所有的人称一律用wouldrather。例如：Ifyou/hewouldratherbealone,we’llallleavehere.如果你/他宁愿独自呆着，那我们会都离开这儿。2wouldrather后接从句时，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时，表示希望或宁愿某人按某特定的方式做某事，这个结构常常表达的是现在或将来的行为。例如：I’dratheryoudidn’tmakeanycommentontheissueforthetimebeing.我想目前你还是不要对此事发表任何评论。2“Ifeltthatamale-boss/female-employeerelationshipwasmorenatural,needingnopersonalaccommodationwhatsoever.”(Para.1)Meaning:Ifeltthattherewasnoneedtocompromiseinarelationshipbetweenamalebossandafemaleemployeesinceitwasmorenatural.3But20yearslater,whenshewasaskedthesamequestion,shesaid,“Iwaspleasantlysurprisedthatfemalebossesaremuchmoreaccessibletotheiremployees;they’remuchmoresensitiveandintimatewiththeiremployees.”(Para.1)Meaning:However,whenshewasaskedthesamequestion20yearslater,Sherespondedthatitwasanicesurprisetofindoutthatfemalebosseshadbeenmucheasiertoapproach,moreunderstanding,andclosertotheirworkers.Meaningbeyondwords:Heranswerwasentirelydifferentfromwhatshehadresponded20yearsbefore.Itcanbeassumedthatshegainedthisparticularfeelinggradually.4Femalebossestodayarestillfindingtheyfacesubtleresistance.(Para.2)Meaningbeyondwords:Femalebossestodayarestillexperiencinggenderdiscrimination,thoughitmaynotalwaysbeobviousornoticeable.5Thereisstillasegmentofthepopulation,bothmenand,surprisingly,womenwhoreportlowtoleranceforfemalebosses.(Para.2)Meaning:Aportionofpeople,menand,unexpectedly,evenwomenstatethattheycanhardlybearworkingwithfemalebosses.6Thegrowingpresenceoffemalebosseshasalsoprovokedtwomajorquestionsthatrevolvearoundstyles:Domenandwomenmanagedifferently,and,ifso,isthatagoodthing?(Para.2)Meaning:Withthenumberoffemalebossesincreasing,twoquestionshavebeenraisedintermsofstyles:Domenandwomenworkdifferently?Arethedifferencesgoodformanagementifthereareany?7Monicaisdisposedtothinkso,onbothcounts.Nowa40-year-oldmotheroffour,sheispresidentofapublicsectorlaborunionwith45,000members.(Para.3)Meaning:Monica,a40-year-oldmotheroffourchildrenandpresidentofapublicsectorlaborunionwith45,000members,isinclinedtolookatthesetwopointspositively:Womendomanagedifferentlyfrommenandthatisagoodthing.Note:“Apublicsectorlaborunion”(alsopublicsectortradeunion)referstoalaborunionwhichprimarilyrepresentstheinterestsofemployeeswithinpublicsector(government-owned,supportedorregulated)organizations.Publicsectorunionshavebecomesomeofthelargerormoreinfluentialunionsincertainareasoftheworldinrecenttimesasprivatesectorunionmembershiphasdeclinedsharply.8“Relationswithmyemployeesareprobablydifferentfromthoseofmalemanagersprecedingme,”shesays.“Iknowwhatit’sliketohavetocallandsaymykidgotthemumpssoIwon’tbecomingin.Ihaveamoreflexiblestyle—notsoft,justmoreunderstanding.”(Para.3)Meaning:Shesaidthatshewasperhapsdifferentformthepreviousmalemanagersinrelationwiththeemployeesbecausesheknewwhatitmeantwhensomeonehadtomakeaphonecalltellingherthatheorshewouldn’tgotoworkduetotheillnessoftheirchild.Sheaddedthatshewasmoreflexibleandunderstandingbutnotweakerintermsofworkingstyle.Meaningbeyondwords:Inabroadsense,femalebossesarebetterthanmalebossesinboss-employeerelationsbecausetheyaremoreunderstandingandtendtoshowmoreconsiderationtotheiremployees.9ThemanwhoisMonica’sassistantagrees,“Shetendstodelegatemoreandisalwayslookingforaconsensus.Peoplearehappyandflourishbecausetheyhaveaninputintodecisionsandtheyarenotmerebystanders;theirenergiesareharnessed.Ontheotherhand,consensustakeslonger.”(Para.3)Meaning:ThemanwhoisMonica’sassistantholdsthesameopinionthatsheusuallygivespeoplemorerightsandisalwaysseekingagreement.Sincepeoplehavetheirvoiceheardindecision-makingandarenotplayingtheroleofawitnessonly,theyfeelhappyandsuccessful.Inthisway,theirenergiesareutilized.However,ittakesmoretimetoreachanagreement.Meaningbeyondwords:Again,femalebosseswouldseekmoreaccommodationandagreementthanmalebosses,whichhelpstobringemployees’initiativeintofullplay.10So,arethedifferencessymbolicorreal?Plausiblestudiessuggestthatmenaretypicallyhierarchical,goal-orientedandfeelentitled.Women,bycontrast,managediplomatically,andsharepower.(Para.4)Meaning:So,thequestioniswhetherthedifferencesbetweenmaleandfemalemanagersarerepresentativeorreal?Accordingtoacceptablestudies,menliketoseeksocialstatus,workforgoalsandbegivenauthority.Ontheotherhand,womenmanagewithskillandflexibilityandliketoshareauthority.Meaningbeyondwords:Intermsofmanagementskills,thisparthighlightsthedifferencesbetweenmaleandfemalebosses.Theplausiblereasonsmaypossiblybetracedtotherespectivecharactertraitsofbothsexes.Note:Goal-orientedisacompoundadjective.Agoal-orientedpersonorteamworkshardtoachievegoodresultsinthetasksthattheyhavebeengiven;agoal-orientedplanoractivityisbasedonanumberofthingsthatmustbeachieved.Thewordorientedmeansgivingalotoftime,effortandattentiontooneparticularthing.Itcanbecombinedwithdifferentnounstoderivedifferentmeaningssuchasfamily-orientedandexport-oriented.11Thatpointofviewisoftenchallengedandargued.Someproclaimthatmenandwomenofsimilarbackgrounds,experienceandaspirationsbasicallymanageinthesameway.(Para.4)Meaning:Therealdifferencesbetweenmaleandfemalemanagersoftensparkarguments.Somepeopledeclarethatgenerallyspeaking,menandwomenofsimilarbackgrounds,experienceandambitionsmanageinthesameway.12Thisviewisechoedbyyoungerwomen,especiallythosewhohaveencounteredlittlegenderdiscrimination.ThatwascertainlythelessonforNicole.(Para.4)Meaning:Thisviewisagreeduponbyyoungwomen,especiallythosewhohaveseldombeentreatedunfairly.Nicolecertainlylearnedalessonfromherexperience.Meaningbeyondwords:Theimplicationisthatmenandwomendomanagedifferently.Onlyyoungwomenwhohaveneverencounteredgenderdiscriminationwouldassumethereisnodifferencebetweenmaleandfemalemanagers.Nicole’spersonalexperiencewouldserveasalessonforyoungwomen.13Whenherfatherdiedofaheartattack,shewasanemployeeatapetroleumproductsexportcompany.Shequitandtookoverherfamily’s160-acrefruitfarminSt.David’sCounty.(Para.4)Meaning:Whenherfatherdiedduetoaheartattack,Nicolestoppedworkingforanexportcompanyofpetroleumproductsandtookcontrolofherfather’s160-acrefruitfarminSt.David’sCounty.Note:Thisisalsoafigurativeuseof“fightingthefires”,whichmeans“todispersethestrikes”.14Onherfirstdayinthefield,aworkercalledher“darling”.“Hewastryingtotestme.Iwasshakingwithanger,”saysNicole,now34.“Istooderectandsaid,‘Youwouldn’thavecalledmyfatherdarlingandyou’renotgoingtotakethatlibertywithme.Ifyoudo,I’llfireyou.’”(Para.4)Meaningbeyondwords:Nicole’spersonalstoryabouthowoneofherworkersaddressedheronherfirstdayinthefielddepictsgenderdiscrimination-baseddisrespect:Menwouldinstinctivelythinktheyaresuperiortowomen,sothemaleworkerdidn’tshowtheappropriaterespecttohisboss,Nicole.15Whenwomenworkforwomen,adifferentdynamicoftentakesover.(Para.5)Meaningbeyondwords:Whenwomenworkfortheirfemalebosses,theycanalwaysseeandexperiencedifferentworkingandcommunicationstylesfromthoseadoptedbytheirmalebosses.Note:Here,“dynamic”meansthesetofforcesthatexistinasituation,especiallyarelationship,andaffecthowitchangesordevelops.Forexample:There’saverysupportivedynamicbetweenthemembersofthegroup.组员们之间互相支持，互相鼓励。16Susan,acashierinaTorontoauctionhouse,saysthatshehasexploredfriendshipswithsomeofherfemalebossesandfeelsshecanrelyonthemmore.(Para.5)Meaningbeyondwords:Susanhasestablishedfriendshipswithsomeofherfemalebossesandfeelsshecantrustthemmorethanmalebosses.17Whilewomenmayfeelmoreateasewithafemaleboss,menoftenhavetomakeconcessionstothenewworkingstyles.(Para.5)Meaning:Althoughwomenfeelmorecomfortableandrelaxedwithafemaleboss,menoftenhavetomakechangesintheirbehaviortoadapttothedifferentworkingstyles.Meaningbeyondwords:Thefactthatmenhavetoadjustthemselveswhentheyhaveafemalebossisprobablybecauseofsomepsychologicalreasonwhichmakesthemfeelsomewhathardtogetalongwiththeoppositesex.18Brian,amarinebiologist,says,“IttookmeacoupleofyearsbeforeIfeltcomfortableenoughtorelaxaroundafemalemanager.Infact,myrelationswithherweremuchmorebusinesslike.”(Para.5)Meaning:Brian,amarinebiologist,saysthatittookhimacoupleofyearsbeforehefeltateaseworkingaroundafemalemanager.Anyway,hisrelationswithherwereofabusinesstypeonly.businesslike:a.effectiveandpracticalinthewaythatyoudothings处事务实的；有效率的；讲究实际的Toteachthestudentsgoodbusinessmanners,thisactivitywashandledinabusinesslikemanner.为了培养学生良好的商务礼仪，这项活动是以务实的方式进行的。Note:Thewordbusinesslike,asexplainedabove,isdifferentfromwordslikechildlike.Similarwordsforyourattention:lifelike(逼真的；栩栩如生的),warlike(好战的；善武的).19Tosomeextent,themale-femaledifferencescomedowntoconflictingstyles.(Para.6)Meaning:Tosomedegree,themale-femaledifferencesinmanagementlieincontradictingworkingstyles.20Onefemalevice-presidentdiscussedthetimesheburstintotearsduringameeting.“Menthinkthattearsareanuclearweaponinaconventionalwar.Theytakeexceptiontoawomancrying,inferringthatshe’sfeelingunhappyorviolated.”(Para.6)Meaning:Onefemalevice-presidenttalkedaboutthetimewhenshecouldnotholdbackhertearsatameeting.Shesaidthatmenconsideredwomen’stearsjustasunfairweapons.Theywereangryatwomenwhowerecryingandthoughtthatthesewomenfeltunhappyoroffended.21Themenfailedtounderstandthatwhatpromptedhertearswasnothurtbutgenuinerage.(Para.6)Meaning:Themendidnotknowwhatmadewomencrywasnotbeinghurtbuttheiranger.22“Whenwecry,it’sbecausewehaveallthisvalidragethathasnoappropriaterelease,”shesays.“Womencry;mengetreliefbygoingonwiththeoffenseorbyveilingtheirfeelingstoappearcomposed.”(Para.6)Meaning:Shesaysthatwomencrybecausetheyhavenowheretoreleasetheirreasonableanger.Whilewomencrymenseektoreleasetheirangerbycontinuingwiththeirattacksonwomenorbyhidingtheirfeelingstolookcalm.Meaningbeyondwords:Thisexamplefurthercontraststhedifferentworkingstylesbetweenmenandwomen,triggeredbytheirpersonalitytraits.23Deborah,presidentofafirmwithitsheadquartersinToronto,saysthatevenifmendounderstand,theysometimesreactdifferentlytotheidenticalinformationandtohercooperativemanagementstyle.(Para.7)Meaning:AccordingtoDeborah,presidentofafirmwithitsmainofficelocatedinToronto,evenifmendounderstandwhywomencry,theysometimesreactdifferentlytosimilarinformationandtohercollaborativestyle.24Deborahsaysthatherauthorityissometimesunderminedbyperceptionsabouthergender.(Para.8)Meaning:AccordingtoDeborah,herauthorityissometimesweakenedbybiasedopinionofwomen.25“Itstemsfromthewholesocialcontextoftraditionalrolesformenandwomen,”shesays.“Momwouldtellyoutodothings,butperhapsyouwouldn’ttakeasmuchnoticeaswhenDadtoldyoutodothings.Menalsohaveastrongerurgetocontrol,”shesays.(Para.8)Meaning:Shesaysthatpeople’sdifferentreactionstowardfemalebossesandmalebossescomefromoursocialbackground:thetraditionalrolesformenandwomen.Peoplewouldpaymoreattentiontowhattheirdadtoldthemtodothanwhattheirmomwouldtellthem.Menalsohaveastrongerdesiretocontrol.26Forfemalebosses,thegreatexpectationofsomefemaleemployeesisonemoreobstacle.Juniorwomenassumeafemalebosswillpromotethemmorequicklythanamanwould.(Para.9)Meaningbeyondwords:Asfemalebossesmanagemorediplomaticallyandoftenseekconsensus,femaleemployeesusuallyexpecttogetpromotedmorequicklybywomenbosses.Thisisanotherobstacleforfemalebosses.27But,theyalsoexpectfemalebossestobemoreself-sufficient.“Theyask,‘Whycan’tyouscanyourownstuff?’or‘Whycan’tyoudoyourownfiling?’”saysoneseniorfemaleexecutive.(Para.9)Meaningbeyondwords:Femaleemployees,however,wouldalsoexpectfemalebossestodomorebythemselvesforthepurposethattheywon’tbebothered.ThisexpectationbyfemaleemployeesisanactofunderminingDeborah’sauthority,anditimplicitlyatteststodisrespectfulbehaviortowardherasaboss.Usagenote:scan,skimscan和skim都可译为“浏览、快读”，都可用作及物和不及物动词，但实际上它们有显著的差别。1scan指“查读”，是根据需要快速扫描出相关的细节。scan用于此义时，可用作及物和不及物动词。例如：Shescannedtheadvertisementpagesofthenewspapers.她很快地查读了报纸上的广告页。Ihaven'treadmuchintoityet.I'veonlyscannedthroughit.我没看多少，只是很快地将它查读了一下。2skim与scan不同，是“略读”，指的是跳过文章的具体细节不看，在短时间内迅速掌握文章的主旨和大意。例如：Ionlyskimmedtheheadlinesofthenewspapereverymorning.每天早晨我只是浏览一下报纸的大标题。IonlyhadtimetoskimthroughthescriptbeforeIflewoverhere.我坐飞机来这里之前，只能很快地浏览了一下这个脚本。比较：Whenreadingapassage,ourEnglishteacheralwaystellsustoskimthepassagefirstinordertogetthegeneralideaandthenscanthepassageagaininordertofindthespecificinformation.在阅读文章时，我们的英语老师总是告诉我们先略读文章以获取文章的大意，然后查读以获得所需的具体信息。28Ontheotherhand,thereisnodisputethatafewdecadesagotheywouldrarelyhavehadafemalebossintheworkplace.(Para.10)Meaning:Despitefemaleemployees’toomanyexpectations,onethingthatgoesbeyondanydisagreementisthattheconditionwouldnothavebeeninplaceafewdecadesago–theycouldhardlygetawomanastheirboss.Sentencestructurenote:“Thereisdisputethat…”结构与“There’snodoubt/need/pointthat…”结构（B2U2,TextB）属于同一句型，基本用法相同。29Nina,amanagementconsultantsaysshe’svaguelyoptimistic.“I’mlookingforwardtotheday,beforeIdie,whenwerecognizethatthebestmanagementstyleswillbecomposedofthebestthatbothgendersbringtothetable…”Well,shepauses,maybenotbeforeshedies,perhapsinherdaughter’slifetime.(Para.10)Meaningbeyondwords:Nina,amanagementadvisersaysshe’skindofoptimisticthatsomeday,beforeshedies,peoplewillunderstandthebestmanagementstylescomefromthecombinationofthebestprovidedbyofbothgenders.However,shegivesthehintthatmaybethisdaywon’tcomesoon;perhapsitwillhappeninherdaughter’slifetime.VocabularyXNewwordsadministrativea.relatingtotheworkofmanagingacompanyororganization行政的；管理的Althoughadministrativepositionsmaypaymorethanteachingsalaries,theyoftenrequiremorehoursonthejob.虽然行政工作的薪金比教学工作的更多，但它们却往往需要更多的工作时间。administrativeassistantn.[C]sb.whoworksinanofficetypingletters,keepingrecords,answeringtelephonecalls,arrangingmeetings,etc.行政助理attorneyn.[C]alawyer律师employeen.[C]sb.whoispaidtoworkforsb.else受雇者；雇员Knowingwhatanemployerislookingforinapotentialemployeecanhelpsomeonetoprepareforaninterview.了解雇主在寻找什么样的潜在雇员可以帮助人们准备面试。accommodationn.1[sing.,U](fml.)achangeinbehaviororattitudethathelpspeopleworktogetherorendadisagreement迁就；通融；调和Thetwosidesfailedtoagreeoneverypoint,buttheysettledonanaccommodationfortheirdifferences.双方未能对所有的意见都达成一致，但对他们的分歧达成了和解。2[U]aplaceforsb.tostay,live,orwork住处；工作场所Havingdecidedtofindanappropriateaccommodation,wesetaboutcontactingalltherentalagenciesinthecity.我们决定要找一个合适的住处之后，就开始联络这个城市所有的租赁公司。segmentn.[C]apartofsth.thatisdifferentfromoraffecteddifferentlyfromthewholeinsomeway部分；段；片Blackpeopleconstitutethepoorestsegmentofsocietyinthecountry.黑人在该国社会中构成了最贫穷的阶层。tolerancen.1[U]willingnesstoallowpeopletodo,say,orbelievewhattheywantwithoutcriticizingorpunishingthem忍受；容忍；宽容Toleranceisthequalityofallowingotherpeopletosayanddoastheylike,evenifyoudonotagreewithitorlikeit.宽容是一种素质，它允许其他人说和做他们喜欢的事，即使你不同意或不喜欢。2[C,U]thedegreetowhichsb.cansufferpain,difficulty,etc.withoutbeingharmedordamaged（对痛苦、困难等的）忍受程度，忍耐力Thesestudentstendtohaveapoortoleranceforfrustrationandgiveupeasilywhentasksbecomedifficult.这些学生往往对挫折的承受力差，在任务变得困难时会轻易放弃。disposevt.1(~sb.to/towardsth.)(fml.)makesb.morelikelytohaveparticularfeelingsorthoughts使（某人）较倾向于Thebodyreleasesachemicalthatdisposesyoutowardsleep.体内释放出一种使人昏昏欲睡的化学物质。2(~of)getridofsth.,esp.sth.thatisdifficulttogetridof丢弃，处理（尤指难以处理的东西）Littershouldbedisposedofthoughtfully.废弃物应仔细地处理。disposeda.likelytobehaveorthinkinaparticularway有…倾向的Hewasamanofgoodcharacterandwasnotdisposedtoviolence.他人品很好，没有暴力倾向。sectorn.[C]apartofanareaofactivity,esp.ofbusiness,trade,etc.（尤指商业、贸易等的）部门，行业Inthefinancialsector,investorsinbanksandinsurancecompaniesbothhavelostalotofmoney.在金融行业，银行和保险公司的投资者都损失了很多钱。publicsectorn.[sing.]theindustriesandservicesinacountrythatareownedandrunbythegovernment公营部门；国营部门precedevt.(fml.)happenorexistbeforesth.orsb.,orcomebeforesth.elseinaseries先于…（发生或存在）Aplanningsessionat11:30willprecedethelunchdiscussion.11∶30召开计划会议，随后是午餐讨论。mumpsn.[U]腮腺炎flourishvi.1developwellandbesuccessful繁荣；兴旺；成功Honestyisoneofthebasesofanygoodrelationshipandnorealrelationshipcanflourishwithoutit.诚信是任何良好关系的基础之一，离开它没有一种真正的关系能蓬勃发展。2growwellandbeveryhealthy茁壮成长Veryfewplantswillflourishwithoutenoughwater.没有足够的水，极少有植物能茁壮成长。bystandern.[C]sb.whowatcheswhatishappeningwithouttakingpart旁观者；局外人；看热闹的人harnessvt.getcontrolofsth.inordertouseitforaparticularpurpose利用；控制Theprivatebusinesssectorwastobeharnessedtostabilizeandtoincreaselocalemployment.私营企业将被用来稳定和增加当地的就业。symbolica.importantbutnothavinganyrealeffect象征的；象征性的Peoplethrewflowersintotheriverbetweenthetwocountriesasasymbolicactofbrotherhood.人们把花扔进两国间的那条界河，这象征着两国之间的兄弟情义。plausiblea.reasonableandlikelytobetrue可能正确的；有道理的AmoreplausibleexplanationwouldseemtobethatpeoplearefedupwiththeConservativegovernment.一个更合理的解释似乎是人们已厌倦了保守党政府。hierarchicala.dividingpeopleorthingsintolevelsofimportance按等级划分的Ahierarchicalstructuremerelydefineswhoisinchargeofwhatandisaccountabletowhom.按等级划分的结构仅仅能定义谁负责什么和谁对谁负责。diplomatica.1dealingwithpeoplepolitelyandskillfullywithoutupsettingthem讲究手腕的；灵活变通的Hemanagedtobeatmeateveryargumentashewasmorethanmymatchindiplomaticshrewdness.他成功地击败了我的每一个论点，因为他比我更灵活变通。2relatingtoorinvolvingtheworkofdiplomats外交的；从事外交工作的Toavoidapossibleinvasionbyitsneighbor,thecountryisseekinghelpthroughdiplomaticchannels.为了避免其邻国可能的入侵，该国正在寻求通过外交途径获得帮助。diplomaticallyad.讲究手腕地；灵活变通地；外交地Youcansayitdiplomaticallyandwithlovebytellingyourkidsthereasonswhyyouhadtocanceltheplanforaparty.你可以灵活地、满怀爱心地告诉你的孩子为什么你不得不取消聚会计划。discriminationn.[U]thepracticeoftreatingonepersonorgroupdifferentlyfromanotherinanunfairway歧视ThoughIfacediscriminationasafemale,Iwillnevergiveintopressuretostoptryingmybesttosucceed.虽然作为女性我受到歧视，可是我绝不会屈服于压力，我会尽最大的努力来取得成功。petroleumn.[U]石油exportn.[U]thebusinessofsellingandsendinggoodstoothercountries出口Theyarenowmanufacturingmoregoodsforexport.他们现在正在生产更多的产品以供出口。v.sellgoodstoanothercountry出口Theirflowersareexportedaroundtheworld.他们的花卉出口到世界各地。acren.[C]aunitformeasuringarea,equalto4,047squaremeters英亩countyn.[C]anareaofastateorcountrythathasitsowngovernmenttodealwithlocalmatters（英国的）郡；（美国等国家的）县erecta.inastraightuprightposition直立的；垂直的He’sverytallanderectforhis78years.年已78岁的他非常高大挺拔。vt.putsth.inanuprightposition竖起Officialsplantoerectamonumentinthespacioussquareinthecenterofthecity.官员们计划在市中心宽阔的广场上竖起一座纪念碑。cashiern.[C]sb.whosejobistoreceiveorpayoutmoneyinastore,office,etc.出纳员；收银员auctionn.[C,U]apublicmeetingwhereland,buildings,paintings,etc.aresoldtothepersonwhooffersthemostmoneyforthem拍卖Afterthehousingmarketcrashed,manybank-ownedhousesweresoldfarbelowtheirmarketvalueatauctions.房屋市场崩溃后，许多被银行收回的房屋以远低于其市场价的价格在拍卖会上被售出。concessionn.[C]achangeinyourbehaviorthatyoumakebecauseofaparticularsituationoridea妥协；迎合Asaconcession,motherletNellstayupanhourlongerathiscomputergames.作为妥协，母亲让内尔多玩一个小时的电脑游戏。marinea.(onlybeforenoun)relatingtotheseaandthecreaturesthatlivethere海洋的；海产的；海生的Sadly,ourbeachesarefulloftrash,theseaispolluted,andmarinelifeisendangered.很不幸，我们的海滩上全是垃圾，海洋受到了污染，海洋生物受到了威胁。n.[C]asoldierwhoservesonaship水兵；（英国/美国）海军陆战队士兵Fromaletterinhispocket,anemergencyroomnurselearnedthathissonwasamarinestationedinNorthCarolina.从他口袋里的一封信中，急诊室护士了解到，他儿子是驻扎在北卡罗来纳州的海军陆战队士兵。extentn.[sing.,U]thedegreetowhichsth.happensorislikelytohappen程度；限度；范围ThereisdisagreementabouttheextentofAmericaninfluenceinEurope.关于美国对欧洲的影响程度人们说法不一。vice-prefixusedwiththenameofaseniorjobtitleforreferringtothepersonholdingajobimmediatelybelowthatone表示“副”（用于高级职位的名称前，表示仅次于这个职位的职位）Thevice-presidentisnowincontroloftheschoolsincethepresidentisillathome.现在是副校长在管理学校，因为校长生病在家。weaponn.[C]sth.thatyouusetofightwithorattacksb.with,suchasaknife,bomb,orgun武器；兵器；凶器infervt.formanopinionthatsth.isprobablytruebecauseofinformationthatyouhave（根据资料）推断，推定Fromtheevidencewhichthepolicecollectedsofar,wecaninferthatthevictimknewherkiller.我们可以从警察至今收集的证据推断出被害人认识凶手。violatevt.1dosth.thatmakessb.feelthattheyhavebeenattackedorhavesufferedagreatlossofrespect打扰；侵犯；侵害Themediaregularlyviolatespeople’sprivacy.媒体经常侵犯人们的隐私。2disobeyordosth.againstanofficialagreement,law,principle,etc.违背；违反；侵犯Thirty-fourprotesterswerearrestedforviolatingcriminallaw.三十四名抗议者因违反刑法而被捕。valida.1reasonableandgenerallyaccepted有根据的；令人信服的Policeofficersmusthaveavalidreasonforstoppingmotorists.警察必须有正当的理由来拦截司机。2legallyorofficiallyacceptable有效的；正式认可的Yourreturnticketisvalidforthreemonths.您的回程机票有效期为三个月。offensen.[U](BrEoffence)theactofoffendingordispleasing得罪；冒犯行为Theattorneysaidhisclientcommittedtheoffensebecausehewasoutofcontroloverhisemotions,sohepleadedinsanity.律师说他的当事人因无法控制自己的情绪而做出冒犯行为，因此称其属于精神失常。veilvt.hidesth.behindsth.else遮盖；掩饰Itwasagraymorningwiththedrizzlebeginningtoveilthehills.这是一个灰蒙蒙的早晨，细雨开始笼罩山峦。n.[C]athinpieceofmaterialthatwomenweartocovertheirfaces面纱Somewomenwearveilsforreligiousreasonstopreventstrangersfromseeingtheirfaces.有些妇女出于宗教原因戴面纱，不让陌生人看到她们的脸。composevt.1(~oneself)makeoneselfcalmafterbeingangry,upset,ornervous使自己镇静下来Standinginfrontoftheplatform,shetookamomentortwotocomposeherselfandthenwalkedafewstepstowardheraudience.站在舞台前，她用了片刻的时间让自己镇定下来，然后向前朝观众走了几步。2(be~dof)beformedfromanumberofsubstances,parts,orpeople由…组成Wateriscomposedofhydrogenandoxygen.水由氢和氧组成。composeda.calmandrelaxed镇静的；镇定的Toeveryone’ssurprise,Tomcameoutfairlycomposedafteraheatedargumentwithhisopponents.出乎所有人的意料，汤姆与他的对手进行了激烈的争论后，出来时仍相当镇定自若。headquartersn.[pl.]themainbuildingorofficesusedbyalargecompanyororganization总部；总公司；总办事处Theinternationalinvestmentcompany,whichhasitsheadquartersinNewYork,hasthreebranchesinNewYork,oneinCanadaandfiveinSpain.总部设在纽约的那家国际投资公司在纽约有三家分公司，在加拿大有一家，在西班牙有五家。identicala.exactlythesame,orverysimilar完全相同的；非常相似的Physically,thetwobrotherswerealmostidentical,buttheywereworldsapartintheirapproachtolife.两兄弟虽然长得非常像，但他们的生活方式却有天壤之别。cooperativea.willingtocooperate合作的Employeeswhofeelvaluedaremoreproductiveandcooperative.感到受重视的雇员工作效率会更高，合作精神会更强。contextn.[C,U]1thesituation,events,orinformationthatarerelatedtosth.andthathelpyoutounderstandit场合；周围情况；环境；背景Indeed,thelocalpeople’sattitudetowardthesamepolicyvariesovertimeandwithachangingsocialcontext.确实，当地人民对同一政策的态度随着时间和社会背景的变化而变化。2thewordsthatcomejustbeforeandafterawordorsentenceandthathelpyouunderstanditsmeaning上下文；语境Youhavetomakefulluseofthecluesgivenbythestory’scontext,yourcommonsenseandknowledgeoftheworld.你必须充分利用故事的上下文，以及你的常识和你对世界的了解。scanvt.1useapieceofequipmenttoreadandstoreinformationindigitalform扫描Theentirepapercontentsofalllibrarieswilleventuallybescannedintocomputers.所有图书馆的文本资料最终将被扫描进电脑。Designscanalsobescannedintothecomputerfrompaper.设计图也可以从纸张被扫描进电脑。2(also~through)readsth.veryquicklyinordertogetimportantorinterestinginformation粗略地看；浏览Scanthenewspaperarticleandmakeanoteofthemainpoints.把报纸上的文章粗略地看一下，并把要点记下来。disputen.[C,U]aseriousargumentordisagreement争论；辩论；争端；纠纷Thereisnodisputethatfamilyandrelativesaretheprimarysourceofsupportforseniorpeopleathome.家人和亲属是居家老人的主要支柱，这是不争的事实。consultantn.[C]sb.whosejobistogiveadviceonaparticularsubject顾问He’slefthisjobasacomputerprogrammerandisnowworkingasaconsultantforaGermanfirm.他已不做电脑程序员的工作，现在在一家德国公司做顾问。vaguea.unclearbecausesb.doesnotgiveenoughdetailedinformationordoesnotsayexactlywhattheymean含糊的；不明确的；不清楚的Thenewsthey’vereleasedaboutthefloodisvagueandincomplete.他们发布的有关水灾的消息含糊且不完整。vaguelyad.1inawaythatisnotclear模模糊糊地；不明确地AlwaysIwastaughtthatmoneywasnotthemostimportantthinginlife,soIwillfeelvaguelyuncomfortableifthereistoomuchofitonhand.我总是被教导说，钱不是生活中最重要的东西，所以如果我手里有太多的钱，我会隐约地感到不舒服。2slightly稍微；有点Theinterviewmadehimlookvaguelyridiculous.他在面试中表现得有点滑稽可笑。Phrasesandexpressionsbedisposedtodosth.bewillingtodosth.愿意做某事；乐于做某事Hisfatherwasalarge,comfortable-lookingmanwhowasn’tdisposedtomakeafuss.他父亲个子高，看上去很舒服，不像是会大惊小怪的人。onbothcountsinbothways在两个方面Ithoughthewasakindandhonestperson,butIwaswrongonbothcounts.我原以为他是个善良、诚实的人，但这两点我都想错了。takeovertakecontrolofsth.接管；接任；接受Intheeventofstrike,thearmywilltakeovertheresponsibilityforfightingthefires.万一发生罢工，军队将接管灭火的责任。takealiberty/libertieswithsb.(old-fashioned)treatsb.withoutrespectbybeingtoofriendlytooquickly与某人相处时太放肆Youmustn’ttakelibertieswiththeyoungwomen.你切勿对年轻女士太随便。feelateasewithsb.feelrelaxedwithsb.,esp.inasituationinwhichpeoplemightfeelalittlenervous（与某人在一起）感到放松，不拘束Ifyouwanttogetwellagain,itisessentialtofeelateasewithyourtherapist.如果你想恢复健康，很重要的一点是你跟你的治疗师在一起时感到很放松。makeaconcession/concessionstoallowsb.tohavesth.inordertoreachanagreement为对某事或某想法取得一致意见作出妥协Ourcompanyhasmadeaconcessiontotheminordertoreachasettlementandtocontinuewithbusinessasusual.为了达成和解并继续往常的业务，我们公司已对他们作出妥协。tosomeextentusedtosaythatsth.ispartlybutnotcompletelytrue在某种程度上Wealltendtoremembertosomeextentthegoodtimesandforgetthebad.我们都在一定程度上会记住美好的时光，而忘记痛苦的时刻。comedowntoifacomplicatedsituationorproblemcomesdowntosth.,thatisthesinglemostimportantthing归结为ThedecisionwhetherornotwecangoonavacationtoEuropecomesdowntomoneyintheend;thatis,howmuchmoneywecanafford.我们能不能去欧洲度假的决定最终都归结到钱，即我们能拿出多少钱。burstintosuddenlybegintomakeasound,esp.tostartsinging,crying,orlaughing突然迸发（尤指开始唱歌、哭、笑等）BeforeMaryevenfinishedtellingtheanecdote,Icouldn’thelpbutburstintolaughter.还没等玛丽说完她那个有趣的故事，我就忍不住爆发出大笑。takeexceptiontosth.beangryorupsetbecauseofsth.因某事而生气（烦恼）Itakegreatexceptiontohavingsuchpoorservicehere.我对这儿糟糕的服务表示强烈不满。stemfromdevelopasaresultofsth.else源于；来自；由于…发生Hisloveofwriting,hebelieves,stemsfromhisanalyticaltrainingatuniversity.他认为他对写作的热爱源于他在大学所接受的分析能力训练。PropernamesMonica莫妮卡（人名）Nicole妮可尔（人名）St.David’sCounty圣大卫县（美国某县名）Susan苏珊（人名）Toronto多伦多（加拿大最大的城市，安大略省的省会）Brian布赖恩（人名）Deborah德博拉（人名）Nina尼娜（人名）20currencydeposit,weprescribeapassonaregularbasis,qilucardaccountonaregularbasis),certificatebondsandsavingsbonds(electronic);3.notdrawnonabanksavingscertificate,certificatebondsapplyformortgageloans,acceptingonlythelender