孤独的自我：达尔文与自私基因

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1、TheSolitarySelfHereticsSeriesEditor:MarkVernonHereticscanbethemostprofoundthinkers.Theyengagewithatraditionofthoughtorreceivedwisdomand,findingitwanting,seeknottodismissitbuttoreformorreinterpretit.Thebooksinthisseriesseektoengagewithvarioustraditionsinscience,philosophyandreligioninordertohighl

2、ightwheretheauthorsbelievesome-thinghasgonewrong,andtoexplorethewaysinwhichtheybelievethingscanbesignificantlyimproved.TheSolitarySelfMaryMidgleyForthcomingAgainstHumanismTimCraneCredoMaryWarnockTheSolitarySelfDarwinandtheSelfishGeneMaryMidgleyAcumen©MaryMidgley,2010ThisbookiscopyrightundertheBer

3、neConvention.Noreproductionwithoutpermission.Allrightsreserved.Firstpublishedin2010byAcumenAcumenPublishingLimited4SaddlerStreetDurhamDH13NPwww.acumenpublishing.co.ukisbn:978-1-84465-253-2BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationDataAcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.Typ

4、esetinWarnockPro.PrintedbyAshfordColourPressLtd,UK.ContentsIntroduction11.Pseudo-Darwinismandsocialatomism152.Thebackground:egoismfromHobbestoR.D.Laing353.Thenaturalspringsofmorality554.Comingtotermswithreason735.Darwin’snewbroom976.Theself’sstrangeadventures117Conclusion:thewiderperspective139

5、Bibliography145Index149vIntroductionOnbeingsocialThetopicofthisbookisindividualism.ItstartsfromadiscussionofDarwinbecauseheisnowwidelycredited–orblamed–asthesourceofthestrange,drasticformofindividualismthatiscurrenttoday.Hedidnotactuallyinventthatdoctrine.Infact,hisviewsabouthumanrelationswereq

6、uitecontrarytoit.Theycentredonthenatural,humanaffectionsandfearsthatbindustogether,ontheconflictsthatariseamongthosenaturalfeelingsandonthewaysinwhichwetrytoarbitratetheseconflicts.Morethanmanythinkers,Darwinfullyrecognizedthecrucialimportanceofconflictinourlives.Andthismakeshisviewsmuchmorerealist

7、ic,andsomoreinteresting,thanthesimplecurrentdogmasofneo-Darwinism.ItseemsworthwhiletogettherecordstraightaboutthisbecauseDarwin’sauthorityandinfluence,whicharenowconsiderable,shouldnotbeusedtobackviewsthatarenothis.Besidesthat,howe