argument题库谬误统计

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1、Argument题库谬误统计 调查 1,Selectivesample:样本选择，一部分被排除在外Onemajorproblemisaboutthesampletheauthorstudiedinthesurvey.theauthorconsidersonly...(selectivesub-groups)although(thesub-groupstheauthorstudied)doconstituteasignificantpartof(thewholegeneralpopulation),however,(manyo

2、thersub-groups)areactuallyexcludedfromthesurvey.Perhaps...or...withoutrulingoutallthepossibilitiesabove,theauthorcouldnotmakeanygeneralconclusionabout...merelybasedon(selectivesub-groups).4，14，16，45，63，65，67，80，84，88，90，97，123，146，154，156，168，179，185，193，196，207，22

3、7，231，232，236，238，239 2,Quantityofthesample样本数量(pointingoutthatthecurrentsampleistoosmallinitssize)(thefactcitedbytheauthor)couldhardlyillustratetheassumptionthat...becausetheauthorprovidesonlyNsamplesof(thegeneralpopulation),however,(thelimitedsample)mightnotberep

4、resentativeofthewholegeneralgroup.thuswecannotaccepttheauthor’sconclusionthat...beforehe/shecouldprovidemorestatisticdataabout(thesituationofothersub-groups).10，14，33，40，53，69，95，115，123，132，139，150，154，158，167，179，180，188，191，239 3,Whoconductedthesurvey:结果扭曲，调查者为了

5、自己的利益Thereliabilityofthesurveyisalsoopentodoubtduetotheorganizationwhoconductedthesurvey.(theorganization)hasvestedinterestinthefinaldecision/conclusionwhichwasbasedontheresultofthesurvey,andthusmightdistorttheactualanswersoftherespondents.(theinstitution/individua

6、lsmaybenefitgreatlyfromtheresultiftheresultwasinterpretedaswascurrently)Thus,theauthorshouldciteasurveywhichisconductedbyanindependentinstitutiontoconvinceusthat(theassumption).115，156 4,Whenwasthesurveyconducted:时间变化Theeffectivenessoftheresultofthesurveycitedbythe

7、authorasmainevidenceisalsoopentodoubt.Thesurveywasconduct(duringaspecialperiod,oralongtimeago),thusmaynotreflectthecurrentsituationsaccurately.Itistruethat(thesurveymayreflecttheopinionsorsituationsofrespondentsatthetimewhenitwasconducted),butpeople’sopiniontoward(

8、thesubjectsurveyed)mayhavechangedgreatlyduringthepasttime(or,whilethisfactcouldnotsufficientlyillustratethat(thegeneralgroup)willalso...allthetim