2014高考英语阅读理解巩固练习(47)

《2014高考英语阅读理解巩固练习(47)》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、2014高考英语阅读理解巩固练习（47）及答案阅读理解Peoplediettolookmoreattractive.Fishdiettoavoidbeingbeatenup,thrownoutoftheirsocialgroup,andgettingeatenasaresult.ThatisthefascinatingconclusionofthelatestresearchintofishbehaviorbyateamofAustralianscientists.Theresearchteamhavediscoveredthatsub

2、ordinatefishvoluntarilydiettoavoidchallengingtheirlargercompetitors.“Instudyinggobieswenoticedthatonlythelargesttwoindividuals,amaleandfemale，hadbreeding(繁殖)rightswithinthegroup,”explainsMarianWong.“Allothergroupmembersarenonbreedingfemales,eachbeing5～10%smallerthanitsn

3、extlargestcompetitor.Wewantedtofindouthowtheymaintainthisprecisesizeseparation.”Thereasonforthesizedifferencewaseasytosee.Onceasubordinatefishgrowstowithin510%ofthesizeofitslargercompetitor，itcausesafightwhichusuallyendsinthesmallergobybeingdrivenawayfromthegroup.Moreof

4、tenthannot,the_evicted_fish_istheneatenup.Itappearedthatthesmallerfishwerekeepingthemselvessmallinordertoavoidchallengingthebossfish.Whethertheydidsovoluntarily，byrestraininghowmuchtheyate,wasnotclear.Theresearchteamdecidedtodoanexperiment.Theytriedtofattenupsomeofthesub

5、ordinategobiestoseewhathappened.Totheirsurprise，thegobiessimplyrefusedtheextrafoodtheywereoffered，clearlypreferringtoremainsmallandavoidfights,overhavingafeast.Thediscoverychallengesthetraditionalscientificviewofhowbossindividualskeeptheirpositioninagroup.Previouslyitwas

6、thoughtthatlargeindividualssimplyusedtheirweightandsizetothreatentheirsubordinatesandtakemoreofthefoodforthemselves，sokeepingtheircompetitorssmall.Whilethehabitsofgobiesmayseemalittlemysterious,Dr.Wongexplainsthatunderstandingtherelationshipsbetweenbossandsubordinateanim

7、alsisimportanttounderstandinghowhierarchical(等级的)societiesremainstable.-9-Theresearchhasprovedthefactthatvoluntarydietingisahabitfarfromexclusivetohumans.“Asyet,welackacompleteunderstandingofhowwidespreadthevoluntaryreductionoffoodintakeisinnature，”theresearcherscomment.

8、“Dataonhumandietingsuggeststhat，whilehumansgenerallydiettoimprovehealthorincreaseattractiveness,rarelyd