the simple genius of the blackboard 黑板：平凡的奇迹

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1、TheSimpleGeniusoftheBlackboard黑板：平凡的奇迹　　作为现代课堂的“标配”，黑板是学生们再熟悉不过的工具了。尽管最初的黑板已经逐渐演变为“绿板”“白板”，但其功能并未发生太大的变化。黑板仍然是整间教室注意力的中心，是全体学生瞩目的焦点。它犹如一面神奇的反光镜，老师将知识投射到黑板上，黑板又将知识反射到一双双求知若渴的眼睛中，用点滴智慧滋养他们的心灵。　　Theblackboardisarecentinnovation.Erasableslates，acheapbutdurablesu

2、bstituteforcostlypaperandink，hadbeeninuseforcenturies.Studentscouldpracticereadingandwritingandmathontheirslates，intheclassroomorathome.Butitwasn’tuntil1800thatJamesPillans，headmasteroftheOldHighSchoolofEdinburgh，Scotland，wantingtooffergeographylessonstohiss

3、tudentsthatrequiredlargermaps，connectedanumberofsmallerslatesintoasinglegrandfield.Andin1801，GeorgeBaron，aWestPointmathematicsteacher，alsobegantouseaboardofconnectedslates，themosteffectiveway，hefound，toillustratecomplexformulastoalargeraudience.　　Theblackboa

4、rd-centeredclassroomoffersmorethanpedagogical1）efficiency；italsooffersaneffectivesetofteachingpossibilities.Insuchaclassroomstudentsarefocusedontheteacher（onagoodday），butmostimportantly，theyarefocused.Theteacherisnotthefocusoftheclassbutratheralensthroughwhi

5、chthelessoniscreatedandclarified.Theteacherdrawstheclasstowardher，butsheprojectsthelessonsontotheblackboardbehindher，ablanksurfaceuponwhichsmallerideasmaybegatheredintolargerones.Theblackboardisthesurfaceofthought.　　DuringMissBabb’sfourth-gradesciencelessons

6、，whenshedrewthesolarsystemorthestructureofamolecule2）ontheblackboard，mymindbecameinflamedwithnewwaysofseeingtheuniverse.Theschoolprovided，ofcourse，asciencetextbook，withlovelyillustrationsandphotographs，someincolor，anddetaileddescriptionsinprose，oftheverysame

7、thingsMissBabbdrewontheboard.Butitwasnotthetextbooksthatmadescienceinfiltrate3）mybrain.ItwasMissBabbandapieceofchalk，herwritingonablankfield.Withherthere，describingtheshapeofanorbitasshedrewit，orclickingthechalkonanatom’snucleusandsaying“nucleus”atthesametim

8、esoweweresurenottomissit，shebroughtsciencetolifeformeinawayatextbookcouldnothave.　　Thereisatheatricalelementtoteaching，anditisnecessary.Thephysicaldramaticsoftheclassroom―allthosebodiesandbrains