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汽车仪表板设计的若干特点（Somecharacteristicsofautomobiledashboarddesign）AutomobilebodymodelingAutomotivedashboarddesignAbstract:ThispaperdescribesthedesignprocedureandmethodsofautomobileclusterofErgonomics-based;knowledgeofinstrument,andspecificdesignmethodsandstepsareintroducedandanalyzedindetail;discussesthedevelopmenttrendofautomobileinstrument.Keywords:instrumentpanel;interiordesign;automobiledesigner;designprocessThedashboardisaveryuniquecomponentofacar,incorporatingsafety,functionality,comfort,andornamentation.Inadditiontotherequirementsofagoodrigidityandenergyabsorption,andpeopleareonthehandle,leather,color,colorofthehigherinteriordesignfromthedashboardtothemostimportantpartofthecar,thedriverisusuallytotheregionalperspective.Thedashboardisconsideredthefirstelementintheinteriordesignofthecarbythedesigner.Thegeneralautomotivedashboardisfunctionallycomposedofthefollowingfoursystems:(1)operationcommandsystem.Itincludesallkindsoflights,wipers,scrubbersanddefrostsystems. (2)informationfeedbacksystem.Itincludesspeedmeter,odometer,oilpressure,oiltemperature,watertemperature,airpressure,current,alarmdevice,clockandsoon.(3)utilitysystem.Theutilitymodelcomprisesanobjectbox,astorageplatform,acigarettelighter,anashtray,aloudspeaker,amicrophone,etc..(4)environmentalimprovementsystem.Itincludesairconditioning,warmair,naturalventilation,componentsoftening,recorder,TV,refrigeratorandbeveragecabinet,etc..ClassificationofinstrumentpanelsTheinstrumentpanelcanbedividedintoairbaginstrumentpanelandairbaginstrumentpanel(forcopilot)accordingtosafety.Atpresent,onlyasmallnumberofhigh-gradecarsinChinaareequippedwithairbagdashboard,andwiththeemphasisonsafety,thedemandforairbagdashboardincreases,thehostplantwillalsobeoneofthepurchasepoints.Airbagsopenatthesametimeprotectpassengersandmayalsoharmpassengers,especiallychildren.Asaresult,someofthenewinternationaldashboardairbagshavebeenfittedwithswitches.Forthenormalopeningoftheairbag,anairbagcoverplateisdesignedatthetopoftheairbagtoreleasetheairbagwhenitopens.However,ithasavisualfitwiringwiththeinstrumentpanel,whichaffectsthevehicleappearance.Tothisend,inrecentyears,moreandmoretypesofDashboardDesignforseamlessairbagdashboard.Theutilitymodelcanensurethenormalopeningoftheairbagandnovisualwiring. Accordingtothecomfortofthedashboardcanbedividedintohardplasticpanels,plasticpanelsandsemihardsoftmatterdashboard.Theinstrumentpanelismadeofrigidplasticinstrumentpanelwithinjectionmoldingtechnology.Itiswidelyusedbecauseofitssimpleprocessandlowinvestment,especiallyformediumandlowgradecars.Someorallofthemarepaintedwithdecorativepaintorsofttouchpainttoimproveappearance,toneortexture.Theplasticinstrumentpanelisadsorbedandadheredormoldedorinjectedintothecompositesurfaceintheinjectionmoldingorthepressingframesoastomaketheappearanceoftheskinfeellikealeather.Halfhardsoftmatterdashboardisbetweentheepidermisandtheskeletonisfilledwithpolyurethanefoam,whichcanimprovetactilityandincreasethecapacityofenergyabsorption.Thesemihardsoakeddashboardmatterarevacuumhotformingskinepidermisandslushskin.Theformerismadeoftraditionalimitationleathertechnology.Thelatteriswidelyusedinrecentyearsbecauseofitsuniformpattern,nointernalstressandhighdesigntolerance,andhasbeenhighlyrecognizedbycustomersandwillbetheleadingmediumandhigh-endcars.Accordingtothedrivingdirection,thedashboardcanbedividedintothesteeringwheel,theleftinstrumentpanelandtherightinstrumentpanel.IntheCommonwealthcountriesandJapan,driveontheleftanddriveontheright.Usethesteeringwheeltoplacethedashboard;otherwise,othercountries.Userequirementsandtechnicalspecificationsofinstrumentpanel? Thedashboardisoneofthemainpartsonthecar,onthestrengthofdemandcanwithstandallkindsofinstrumentandaudioequipmentandpipelinejointload,andhightemperatureofthefrontwindshieldcastoverthesolarradiationandheatdissipationcausedbyengine.Fromthepointofviewofsafety,theinstrumentpanelrequiresabsorptionshockenergy,antiglareandflameretardantperformance.?Theinstrumentpanelshouldhavethefollowingfeatures:?(1)haveenoughstrength,rigidity,canbeartheloadofinstrument,pipelineandsundry,canresistcertainimpact(2)gooddimensionalstability,Inthesunlightradiationandenginewasteheatathightemperature,nodeformation,notfailure,doesnotaffecttheaccuracyofeachinstrument.?(3)withproperdecoration,elegantstyleandlowlightreflection,itgivespeopleasenseoftranquilityandcomfort(4)durability,resistancetocoldandheat,impact,lightresistance,servicelifeofmorethantenyears(5)themainrawmaterialsandauxiliarymaterialsformakinginstrumentpanelsshallnotcontainharmfulsubstancessuchascadmium(6)donotallowlongevitytomakewindowglassvaguevolatile,shouldbeappropriatedecoration,lowreflection? (7)whensoftskinisdamagedatroomtemperature,itshouldbebrittlefracture,shouldnotbrittlefracture,thatis,whenproductsaredamaged,donotallowsharpcuspsharpangle(8)resistancetogasoline,dieselandsweat?Automotivedashboarddesign?Becauseofthecomplexityofthedashboarditselfgeneralstructureandimportanceinthevehiclemodeling,designpersonnelmustbeweighedinthedesignstage,carefullayout.Firstofallshouldconformtoergonomics,guaranteeitssafetyandcomfort;givefullconsiderationtothevarioushabitsofpeople,toensuretheoperationconvenienceofvariousswitches,buttonsandothercontrols;appearance,characteristics,butmustbeconsistentwiththestyleofthevehicle.Reasonableselectionofmaterials,optimizethestructure,easyprocessingandassembly;instrumentcompleteequipment,advanced,perfectfunction1.identificationofinstrumentpanels?Thedriver'swatchmotionwascompletedinaflash.Therefore,itisnecessarytoensurethatallinstrumentsarelocatedwithoutthesteeringwheelandvariouscombinationsofswitches.TheSAEhorizonmodelcanbeusedtodeterminethepositionoftheinstrument,andthepositionrelationbetweenthesteeringwheelandtheinstrumentcanbeobtained.?Theanglebetweenthecenterplaneoftheinstrumentpaneland thecenterofthedriver'seyeellipseandtheplaneoftheinstrumentpaneliscalledtheviewingangleofthedriver'swatch,andheshouldbeascloseaspossibleto90degrees.Atthesametime,asmuchaspossiblesothatthedriver'slineofsightisinthebestangleofviewwithin30Australiaintheidentificationofalreadyestablishedrelevantregulations(ADRB)visualdistanceAmericanHenryrecommendedbyDreyfusformaximumvisibilityfor711mm,thebestdistanceis500mm,theBritishMurrellrecommendeddistancecalculationformulaofD=(1.2~1.5)L.D-thebestreadingdistanceL-instrumentpanelexpansionlengthdesignvisualdistance,accordingtothereasonablechoice?Inaddition,theinstrumentboardpositionandtheheightoftheinstrumentcovermustnotcrossthelowerviewingangleboundarylineInadditiontotheabovefactors,butalsotakeintoaccounttheappearanceoftheinstrumentitself,thesizeofthefont,thecolorofthedial,thesefactors,ifnotproperlyconsidered,willalsoaffecttheaccuracyofthedrivertoobservetheinstrument.?2.,instrumentglassandinstrumentcoverwillreflectthelightinjectedintothecar,reflectingthepipelineandtheninjectedintothedriver'seye,causingthedriverglarephenomenon.Makethedriverfeelunwell,evenleadtotrafficaccidents,affectingthesafetyofthewholevehicle.So,indesigningtheinstrument'sposition,takefulladvantageofthis.Theangleofincidenceoftheincidentangleoflightcan bemeasuredtoavoidtheintersectionofthereflectedrayswiththeeyeellipse.Instrumentcovermirrorinsideandoutsidethecarscene,thedriverheadshadow,affectthedriver'sobservationinstrument,tosetthehoodonthemeter.Themetalcoatingonthesurfaceoftheinstrument,suchaschromeplatedparts,willalsoreflectthelightstronglyandcauseglare.Therefore,weshouldseriouslyconsidertheantiglaretreatment.3.,easeofoperation?Switchtheinstrumentpanelbutton,shouldbeoppositesidedriverinthetrafficsafetyintheprocessofoperation,issuedin1975ISO03958<
